AIIMS Raipur NO - 2019 (Shift-2)
Pharmacology
Easy
Which of these drug combinations is recommended for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in individuals at high risk?
Appeared in: AIIMS Raipur NO - 2019 (Shift-2)
Explanation
- The combination of Tenofovir and Emtricitabine is the standard, FDA-approved, and WHO-recommended regimen for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
- Both drugs are Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) that prevent the HIV virus from replicating within the body's cells.
- Clinical studies have demonstrated that this combination reduces the risk of acquiring HIV infection by over 90% when taken consistently by individuals at high risk.
- This specific combination is available as a single tablet, which improves adherence.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: Using Tenofovir alone (monotherapy) is not recommended for PrEP because combination therapy is more effective and significantly reduces the risk of developing drug-resistant HIV strains if the person becomes infected while on PrEP.
- Option B: While Tenofovir + Lamivudine is an effective NRTI combination and is used in many HIV treatment regimens and sometimes as a PrEP alternative (especially in generic formulations), the combination of Tenofovir + Emtricitabine was the original and most extensively studied regimen specifically for PrEP, making it the most common correct answer in this context.
- Option C: Zidovudine (AZT) + Lamivudine (3TC) is an older antiretroviral combination. It is not recommended for PrEP due to a less favorable side-effect profile (e.g., bone marrow suppression, macrocytic anemia) compared to the Tenofovir/Emtricitabine combination.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: Knowing Pharmacological management for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
- Nurses play a vital role in educating patients about PrEP, including its benefits, risks, and the critical importance of adherence for maximum effectiveness.
- Before initiating PrEP, a nurse must ensure the patient has a negative HIV test, as starting PrEP in an already infected individual can lead to drug resistance.
- Ongoing nursing care involves monitoring for potential side effects, particularly renal function (due to Tenofovir), and providing counseling on safe sex practices, as PrEP does not protect against other STIs.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the core of the question: it asks for the specific, recommended drug combination for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), not treatment or post-exposure prophylaxis.
- Scan the options. All are antiretroviral drugs. Your task is to recall or identify the specific combination approved for PrEP.
- Differentiate between PrEP, PEP, and ART. PrEP is for preventing infection in high-risk HIV-negative individuals. This is a key distinction.
- Evaluate each option based on current guidelines. Tenofovir + Emtricitabine is the most well-known and widely recommended PrEP regimen.
- Eliminate options used for other purposes. Zidovudine-based regimens are older and typically used for treatment, not PrEP.
- Consider the difference between similar options. While Tenofovir + Lamivudine is also effective, Tenofovir + Emtricitabine is the classic, most-cited answer for PrEP.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Pharmacological management for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
- Stem keywords: HIV, pre-exposure prophylaxis, PrEP, drug combinations
- Lead-in keywords: Which
- Negative lead-in flag: false
Question ID
qpwcw3nryzJF36llHgCZM
Reference Book
E6 Pharmacology Katzung 16e p. 1359-1361
E6 Pharmacology KD Tripathi Essentials 9e Part 3 p. 147-149
E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 1 p. 1662-1664
Practise the full AIIMS Raipur NO - 2019 (Shift-2)
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
More Anti Microbials Questions
- All of the following are side effects of Rifampicin Except:
- Isoniazid (INH) causes deficiency of which vitamin?
- Which of the following drugs is found to be effective in worm infections like Ascariasis?
- Most common side effect of Penicillin is?
- Antibiotics are completely ineffective against?
- Pyridoxine supplementation is needed for a patient receiving:
- A patient is taking streptomycin medicine for his active tubercular infection. Which of the following clinical finding suggest to adverse effects of…
- The primary activity of selective antibiotic penicillin is?
- Which drug may produce red-colored urine after its consumption?
- A patient with an uncomplicated lower UTI is prescribed a 3-day course of antibiotics. The patient reports feeling better after one day and asks if t…
More AIIMS Raipur NO - 2019 (Shift-2) Questions
- A neurological disorder in which the patient will have an expression of mask-like face and staring is known as?
- Development of clots in the vein is called as?
- Average that is used to derive the central tendency?
- Abnormal pregnancy in which the concept implants outside the uterine cavity?
- Failure to pass meconium within the first 36 hours of life, abdominal distension, poor feeding, and empty rectum are the findings of?
- Onset of puberty before the age of 8 years in girls is called?
- Which among the following is a medical condition in which there is a connection between the pulmonary artery and aorta?
- X-ray examination of the spinal cord and vertebral canal following the introduction of contrast media into the spinal subarachnoid space is called as?
- The human need to get value and respect from others is called as?
- An individual who is unable to breathe needs the support of the?