Which of the following vaccines should be given to a newborn immediately after birth?

Appeared in: NORCET 7 Prelims -2024

Explanation

The Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended as a birth dose to be given within 24 hours of birth.
This initial dose is critical for preventing perinatal (mother-to-child) transmission of the Hepatitis B virus.
The National Immunization Schedule of India mandates this vaccine for all newborns.
Along with Hepatitis B, BCG and the zero dose of OPV are also administered at birth.

Option B: The MMR vaccine is not given at birth because maternal antibodies can interfere with its effectiveness.
Option C: The Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine is not intended for newborns.
Option D: The influenza vaccine is not approved or recommended for newborns immediately after birth.

Visual 1: Infographic - A chart of the complete National Immunization Schedule for infants and children in India, highlighting the vaccines given at birth.
Visual 2: Diagram - An anatomical diagram showing the correct injection site for the Hepatitis B vaccine (anterolateral thigh) and the BCG vaccine (left upper arm) in a newborn.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Newborn Immunization Schedule as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
A nurse's primary responsibility is to ensure that all newborns receive their birth-dose vaccines (Hep B, BCG, OPV) within the recommended timeframe and with proper technique.
Nurses must maintain the cold chain for vaccines to ensure their potency and effectiveness. The Hepatitis B vaccine must be stored at 2-8°C and should not be frozen.
Patient education is key. Nurses must educate parents about the importance of these vaccines, potential mild side effects, and the schedule for future immunizations.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question based on standard medical guidelines.
First, identify the core of the question: which vaccine is given 'immediately after birth'?
Recall the National Immunization Schedule for newborns.
Evaluate each option against the schedule: Hepatitis B is given at birth. MMR, Varicella, and Influenza are given at later ages (9-12 months, 12-15 months, and 6 months, respectively).
Select the option that matches the at-birth schedule.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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