Which of the following is NOT an example of random sampling?

RUHS, Jaipur, M.Sc Nursing Entrance Exam-2016

Nursing Research & Statistics

Easy

Appeared in: RUHS, Jaipur, M.Sc Nursing Entrance Exam-2016

Explanation

Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling method.
In this technique, the researcher uses their own judgment to select participants who they believe are most appropriate for the study's specific purpose.
Selection is intentional and not based on chance, which is the defining characteristic of random sampling.
The goal is to select subjects who are knowledgeable or typical of the phenomenon being studied, rather than to create a statistically representative sample.

Option A: Simple random sampling is the most basic form of probability sampling, where every member of the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected.
Option B: Stratified random sampling is a probability sampling technique. It involves dividing the population into homogeneous subgroups (strata) and then drawing a random sample from each stratum.
Option C: Cluster sampling is a probability sampling method. It involves dividing the population into clusters (often geographic), randomly selecting clusters, and then sampling individuals from within those selected clusters.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Distinguishing between probability (random) and non-probability sampling methods in research as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding sampling methods is crucial for nurses to critically appraise research studies. The sampling method affects the validity and generalizability of research findings.
When reading a study, a nurse must determine if the sample is representative of the patient population they care for. A study using purposive sampling on a very specific group may not be applicable to a broader patient population.
What if a study on a new wound care dressing used a convenience sample of young, healthy adults? A nurse would need to question if the results are generalizable to their elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, as the sample was not randomly selected and may be biased.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key term in the question: 'random sampling'. This is also known as probability sampling.
Note the negative framing: 'NOT an example'. This means you are looking for the option that does not fit the definition of random sampling.
Define random/probability sampling: A method where every member of the population has a known, non-zero chance of being selected.
Evaluate each option against this definition:
Simple random: Yes, everyone has an equal chance.
Stratified random: Yes, random selection occurs within defined groups.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Distinguishing between probability (random) and non-probability sampling methods in research.
Stem keywords: random sampling, example
Lead-in keywords: NOT
Negative lead-in flag: Question asks to identify the exception.

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