What is the characteristic violet discolouration of the vagina during pregnancy called

Appeared in: RUHS, Jaipur, M.Sc Nursing Entrance Exam-2023

Explanation

Chadwick's sign is the characteristic bluish or purplish discoloration of the vaginal mucosa, cervix, and vulva.
This sign is caused by increased blood flow and vascular congestion (hyperemia) in the pelvic region due to elevated estrogen levels during pregnancy.
It is considered a probable sign of pregnancy and typically becomes visible around the 6th to 8th week of gestation.

Option A: Hegar's sign is a tactile sign, not a visual one. It refers to the softening of the lower uterine segment (the isthmus).
Option C: Osiander's sign is the increased pulsation felt through the lateral vaginal fornices due to increased vascularity.
Option D: Palmer's sign refers to the regular, rhythmic uterine contractions that can be elicited during a bimanual examination in early pregnancy.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Probable signs of pregnancy as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Recognizing probable signs of pregnancy, like Chadwick's sign, is a fundamental skill for nurses and midwives during early prenatal assessment.
The presence of multiple probable signs (e.g., Chadwick's, Hegar's, Goodell's) strongly suggests pregnancy and warrants confirmatory tests like serum hCG levels or an ultrasound.
These signs help in the early identification of pregnancy, allowing for timely initiation of antenatal care, counseling, and education.

How to Approach the Question

This is a direct recall question testing your knowledge of obstetrical terminology.
Identify the key phrase in the question: "characteristic violet discolouration of the vagina".
Systematically review the options and recall the definition of each sign.
Hegar's sign is about the softening of the uterus.
Osiander's sign is about feeling a pulsation.
Palmer's sign is about feeling uterine contractions.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Obstetrics Williams p. 39-58

E6 Midwifery Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing Sandeep Kaur p. 6-11

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