What is the causative organism of Q-fever?

Appeared in: MP NHM CHO-2024 (Shift-2)

Explanation

Coxiella burnetii is the bacterium that causes the zoonotic disease known as Q fever.
Q fever is named after 'Query fever' from an outbreak in Queensland, Australia, and is caused by this specific pathogen (SRC_1).
The disease is primarily transmitted to humans through the inhalation of contaminated aerosols from infected animals like sheep, goats, and cattle (SRC_2).
Unlike the other options, which are all viruses causing different diseases, Coxiella burnetii is a bacterium uniquely associated with Q fever.

Option A: Varicella refers to the Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which is a herpesvirus.
Option C: Lyssavirus is a genus of viruses known to cause rabies.
Option D: Rotavirus is a virus that primarily affects the intestines.

Visual 1: Micrograph - An image showing the microscopic appearance of Coxiella burnetii bacteria to help visualize the pathogen.
Visual 2: Infographic - A diagram illustrating the transmission cycle of Q fever from livestock (sheep, goats, cattle) to humans via inhalation of contaminated aerosols.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Identification of the causative agent for Q fever as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses should be aware of Q fever when a patient presents with fever and flu-like symptoms, especially if they have a history of exposure to livestock or unpasteurized dairy products. This is crucial for taking a proper patient history.
Q fever is a zoonotic disease, highlighting the importance of the 'One Health' approach, where the health of humans, animals, and the environment are interconnected. Nurses can play a role in patient education about risks associated with animal contact.
What if? If a patient with a heart valve defect presents with fever of unknown origin, the nurse should be aware that they are at higher risk for chronic Q fever endocarditis, a serious complication. This requires a high index of suspicion and specific diagnostic testing (SRC_2).

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question testing your knowledge of microbiology and infectious diseases.
First, identify the key term in the question: 'Q-fever'.
Next, evaluate each option to determine which pathogen is associated with Q-fever.
Recall or deduce the diseases caused by the other options: Varicella (chickenpox), Lyssavirus (rabies), and Rotavirus (gastroenteritis).
By elimination and direct knowledge, identify Coxiella burnetii as the correct causative agent for Q-fever.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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Practise the full MP NHM CHO-2024 (Shift-2)

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.