Preeclampsia + seizures (HTN + proteinuria and seizures)

What is eclampsia? - MP CHO -2019 (Shift-1)

MP CHO -2019 (Shift-1)

Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Easy

Appeared in: MP CHO -2019 (Shift-1)

Explanation

Eclampsia is defined as the new onset of generalized, tonic-clonic seizures in a woman with preeclampsia.
Preeclampsia, the precursor to eclampsia, is a pregnancy-specific syndrome characterized by hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg) and proteinuria (≥300 mg/24h) appearing after 20 weeks of gestation.
In the absence of proteinuria, preeclampsia can be diagnosed if new-onset hypertension is accompanied by other signs of end-organ damage, such as thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency, or impaired liver function.
Therefore, the most accurate and complete definition of eclampsia is the combination of preeclampsia (which includes hypertension and proteinuria) and seizures.

Option B: This option is too general. While eclampsia involves both hypertension and seizures, the seizures must occur in the specific context of preeclampsia. Seizures from other causes (e.g., epilepsy) in a hypertensive pregnant woman would not be classified as eclampsia.
Option C: This is the definition of preeclampsia, not eclampsia. Preeclampsia is the condition that precedes eclampsia, but it does not include seizures.
Option D: This option is redundant and incomplete. Preeclampsia, by definition, includes hypertension. More importantly, this option omits the defining characteristic of eclampsia, which is the presence of seizures.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Definition and classification of eclampsia as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Eclampsia is an obstetric emergency with significant risks of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, including placental abruption, neurological deficits, pulmonary edema, and even death.
The definitive treatment for eclampsia is delivery of the fetus and placenta. However, the immediate priority is to stabilize the mother by controlling the seizure and hypertension.
Magnesium sulfate is the anticonvulsant of choice for both the treatment of eclamptic seizures and prophylaxis in women with severe preeclampsia. Nurses must be vigilant in monitoring for signs of magnesium toxicity, such as respiratory depression and loss of deep tendon reflexes.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core term in the question: 'eclampsia'.
This is a factual recall question that requires knowing the specific medical definition of eclampsia.
Analyze the options to see how they relate to the components of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: hypertension (HTN), proteinuria, and seizures.
Recall that eclampsia is the most severe form of preeclampsia.
Remember the definition of preeclampsia: hypertension plus proteinuria (or other end-organ dysfunction).
Combine the definition of preeclampsia with the defining event of eclampsia (seizures) to find the most complete and accurate option. Option A, 'Preeclampsia + seizures', correctly identifies this relationship.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Obstetrics Williams p. 2-9

E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 2 p. 1803-1805