RUHS, Jaipur, PB B.Sc Nursing Entrance-2022
Medical Surgical Nursing
Easy
The test used to measure ejection function and examine size, shape, motion of cardiac structure is -
Appeared in: RUHS, Jaipur, PB B.Sc Nursing Entrance-2022
Explanation
- Echocardiography uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to create live, moving pictures of the heart.
- This imaging technique allows for direct visualization and measurement of the heart's chambers, walls, and valves, assessing their size, shape, and motion.
- It is the gold standard for quantifying the heart's pumping efficiency by calculating the ejection fraction (EF), the percentage of blood leaving the heart with each beat.
- A normal ejection fraction is typically in the range of 55% to 65%.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option B: Electroencephalography (EEG) measures and records the electrical activity of the brain, not the heart.
- Option C: Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) records the heart's electrical activity. It does not provide a visual image of the heart's structure, nor does it directly measure ejection fraction.
- Option D: Electromyography (EMG) is a diagnostic procedure that assesses the health of muscles and the nerve cells (motor neurons) that control them.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Cardiac Diagnostic Procedures as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Ejection fraction (EF) is a vital measurement used to diagnose, classify, and manage heart failure. A reduced EF (HFrEF) often requires specific medications like ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers.
- As a non-invasive and radiation-free procedure, echocardiography is a safe and repeatable test, making it ideal for monitoring changes in cardiac function over time in patients with chronic heart conditions.
- What if the question asked for the best initial test for a patient complaining of palpitations or an irregular heartbeat? In that case, an Electrocardiography (ECG) would be the correct answer, as it directly assesses the heart's electrical rhythm.
How to Approach the Question
- First, break down the question into its key components: the test must (1) measure ejection function and (2) examine the physical aspects of the heart (size, shape, motion).
- Consider the function of each option. Think about what each test measures and what organ it targets.
- Electroencephalography (brain) and Electromyography (muscles) can be quickly eliminated as they do not assess the heart.
- Differentiate between the two heart-related tests: Echocardiography and Electrocardiography.
- Recall that 'cardioGRAPHY' implies recording, while 'echo' relates to sound waves used for imaging. ECG records electrical signals, while an 'echo' creates a picture.
- Since the question requires examining physical structure ('size, shape, motion') and a measure of pumping function ('ejection fraction'), the imaging test (Echocardiography) is the only correct choice.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Cardiac Diagnostic Procedures
- Stem keywords: ejection function, size, shape, motion, cardiac structure
- Lead-in keywords: test used to measure
- Negative lead-in flag: false
Question ID
Qmugz0ZskCx0Z15cbcYPxO
Reference Book
E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 4 p. 243-245
E6 Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics(2024) — Volume 2 p. 685-687
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