The one which carries waste materials from different parts of the body to kidneys is

Appeared in: NHM UP Staff Nurse-2021 Shift-2nd

Explanation

Blood is the body's main transport fluid, responsible for carrying essential substances to cells and removing waste products.
Metabolic wastes, such as urea, creatinine, and uric acid, diffuse from the body's cells into the blood plasma.
The circulatory system, driven by the heart, then transports this waste-laden blood to the kidneys.
In the kidneys, the blood is filtered, and waste products are removed to form urine, which is then eliminated from the body.

Option A: The heart is the muscular pump that propels blood through the circulatory system. It provides the force for transport but does not itself carry the waste materials.
Option B: The lungs are primary organs of the respiratory system. While they do excrete a waste product (carbon dioxide), they do not transport other metabolic wastes from various body parts to the kidneys.
Option D: Bones are part of the skeletal system, providing structural support, protecting organs, and producing blood cells in the bone marrow. They are not involved in the transport of metabolic waste.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Role of the circulatory system in waste transport as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses monitor blood tests like Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine to assess kidney function. Elevated levels of these waste products in the blood indicate that the kidneys are not filtering them effectively.
Understanding this transport system is crucial for managing patients with kidney disease, as their inability to filter waste leads to its accumulation in the blood (uremia), causing systemic effects.
What if a patient has severe dehydration? Reduced blood volume and blood pressure would decrease blood flow to the kidneys (renal perfusion), impairing their ability to filter waste, which can lead to an acute kidney injury.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key function described in the question stem: 'carries waste materials... to kidneys'.
Analyze the core role of each option. The heart pumps, the lungs handle gas exchange, bones provide structure, and blood transports substances.
Connect the function (transport) with the correct component. Blood is the medium of transport in the circulatory system.
Eliminate the other options by confirming their primary functions do not match the specific task of carrying diverse waste products to the kidneys for filtration.

Concept Tested & Keywords

QZvntr9FGpxMBVjaGmLaiz

E6 Nursing Brunner Adult Health 3SA Vol 1 Part 3 p. 110-111

E6 Anatomy Applied Ashalatha 4e p. 53-55

E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 5 p. 234-236

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Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.