The normal fetal heart rate ranges from:

Appeared in: IGNOU PB Bsc Entrance-2022

Explanation

The standard accepted baseline range for a normal fetal heart rate (FHR) is 120 to 160 beats per minute (bpm).
This range indicates a well-oxygenated fetus with a mature and functioning autonomic nervous system.
FHR is a key indicator of fetal well-being during pregnancy and labor.
Textbook guidelines define bradycardia as a heart rate below 110-120 bpm and tachycardia as a rate above 160-180 bpm, placing the normal range squarely within 120-160 bpm.

Option A: A heart rate of 90-100 bpm constitutes fetal bradycardia, which is a non-reassuring sign indicating potential fetal distress or hypoxia.
Option B: This range is too low. While the lower limit of normal is sometimes cited as 110 bpm, a rate between 100 and 120 bpm is generally considered borderline or mild bradycardia.
Option C: This range is too narrow. While a heart rate of 120-140 bpm is normal, it excludes the upper end of the normal range, which extends to 160 bpm.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Normal fetal heart rate (FHR) range as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
A nurse's primary responsibility during labor and delivery is to monitor the fetal heart rate to assess fetal well-being and identify signs of distress early.
Any deviation from the normal range (120-160 bpm) must be reported and may require intrauterine resuscitation measures, such as changing the mother's position, administering oxygen, and increasing IV fluids.
What if? If the FHR was sustained at 170 bpm for over 10 minutes (fetal tachycardia), the nurse should first assess the mother for fever or infection, as these are common causes, and then initiate interventions to improve fetal oxygenation while notifying the provider.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question that tests your knowledge of a fundamental parameter in obstetrics.
First, read the question carefully to identify the specific value being asked for: the normal range of fetal heart rate.
Recall the standard reference ranges taught in nursing for fetal monitoring.
Evaluate each option against this standard range.
Eliminate options that are too low (bradycardia), too high (tachycardia), or too narrow.
Select the option that encompasses the complete, widely accepted normal range for FHR.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Qv2kGHyOXlbEbHRQ6UfWNv

E6 Obstetrics Williams p. 56-75

E6 Anatomy Grays 43e Vol 1 Part 2 p. 58-60

Practise the full IGNOU PB Bsc Entrance-2022

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.