The most common type of stones that occurs in Nephrolithiasis is?

Appeared in: RRB Nsg. Superintendent-20 July 2019 (Shift-1)

Explanation

Calcium stones are the most prevalent type, accounting for approximately 70% of all kidney stones.
They are primarily composed of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate.
Key risk factors include hypercalciuria (high calcium in urine), hyperoxaluria (high oxalate in urine), and dehydration.

Option A: Struvite stones are less common, accounting for only 5-15% of all kidney stones.
Option C: Uric acid stones are not the most common, with a prevalence of 5-10%.
Option D: Cystine stones are the rarest among the options, making up only 1-2% of cases.

Visual 1: Chart - A pie chart illustrating the prevalence of different kidney stone types (Calcium, Struvite, Uric Acid, Cystine).
Visual 2: Diagram - Illustrations of the four main types of kidney stones, highlighting their typical shapes and textures (e.g., jagged calcium oxalate, smooth uric acid, large staghorn struvite).

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Types of Renal Calculi (Nephrolithiasis) as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Identifying the stone type through laboratory analysis of a passed stone is crucial for tailoring preventive therapy, including specific dietary changes and medications.
Nursing care for nephrolithiasis prioritizes pain management, hydration, and straining all urine to recover stones for analysis.
Patient education on diet and fluid intake is a key nursing role in preventing recurrence.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question asking for the 'most common' instance of a clinical condition.
First, identify the core concept: types of kidney stones (nephrolithiasis).
Recall or deduce the prevalence rates of the different types of stones listed in the options.
Compare the prevalence: Calcium stones (approx. 70%), Struvite (5-15%), Uric acid (5-10%), and Cystine (1-2%).
Select the option with the highest prevalence, which is Calcium stones.

Concept Tested & Keywords

QvvyNpJyocVTjZvhXgvge-

Practise the full RRB Nsg. Superintendent-20 July 2019 (Shift-1)

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.