The condition when the membranes are ruptured before onset of labour is called

Appeared in: RRB Nsg Superintendent -29 April 2025 (Shift-1st)

Explanation

The correct term for the rupture of membranes before the onset of labor is Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM).
This definition applies regardless of the gestational age.
If the rupture occurs before 37 weeks, it is specified as Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM).
The key element distinguishing it from other types of rupture is that it happens before labor contractions start.

Option B: Early rupture typically refers to the membranes breaking during the course of labor, but before the cervix has reached full dilation.
Option C: Spontaneous rupture is a general term for the membranes breaking on their own. While PROM is a type of spontaneous rupture, 'Premature rupture' is more specific and accurate because it specifies the timing relative to labor onset.
Option D: Late rupture occurs at the very end of the second stage of labor, often as the baby's head is crowning or being born.

Visual 1: Timeline Diagram - A flowchart illustrating the stages of labor (latent, active, second stage) and marking the points for premature, early, spontaneous, and late rupture of membranes to clarify the timing.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Terminology of membrane rupture in obstetrics as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
The primary risks associated with PROM are infection (chorioamnionitis for the mother, sepsis for the neonate) and, if the fetal head is not engaged, umbilical cord prolapse, which is an obstetric emergency.
Nursing assessment is critical. Any report of leaking fluid must be investigated to confirm if it is amniotic fluid (e.g., using Nitrazine paper or a fern test).
Management depends on gestational age. At term, labor is often induced to reduce infection risk. In preterm cases, management involves balancing the risk of infection against the risks of prematurity.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key phrase in the question: 'before onset of labour'.
Analyze the options based on standard obstetric terminology.
Recognize that 'premature' in this context refers to timing relative to labor, not necessarily gestational age.
Differentiate 'premature rupture' from 'early rupture,' which happens during labor, and 'spontaneous rupture,' which is a more general term.
Eliminate 'late rupture' as it occurs at the end of labor.
Select 'Premature rupture' as it is the precise medical term for membranes rupturing before labor begins.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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Practise the full RRB Nsg Superintendent -29 April 2025 (Shift-1st)

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