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Bihar CHO -2019
Psychology
Easy

The classical conditioning theory, which is applied in behavior therapy, was proposed by whom?.

Appeared in: Bihar CHO -2019

Explanation

  • Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, is credited with the discovery and development of classical conditioning.
  • His famous experiments involved conditioning dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell by repeatedly pairing the bell with food.
  • This form of learning, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus to elicit a response, is a fundamental principle of behavior therapy.
  • Techniques like systematic desensitization for phobias and aversion therapy are direct applications of classical conditioning principles.

Why Other Options Were Wrong

  • Option B: Abraham Maslow was a humanistic psychologist, not a behaviorist. His work focused on human motivation and the pursuit of self-actualization.
  • Option C: Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis, which focuses on unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories, and their influence on behavior. This is distinct from the behavioral focus on learned responses.
  • Option D: Maxwell Jones was a British psychiatrist who pioneered the concept of the 'Therapeutic Community,' a form of group-based therapy, particularly for personality disorders and substance abuse. His work is in social psychiatry, not behavioral learning theory.

Related Visual

Visual explanation — Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
  • Nursing practice connection: Knowing Proponent of Classical Conditioning Theory helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
  • Nurses can use principles of classical conditioning to understand and manage patient behaviors. For example, a patient may develop anxiety (CR) in response to seeing a needle (CS) because of past painful injections (US).
  • Understanding this helps in implementing strategies like distraction or relaxation techniques to de-condition the fear response.
  • Aversion therapy, based on classical conditioning, is used to treat alcoholism by pairing alcohol with a nausea-inducing drug.
How to Approach the Question
  • This is a factual recall question that tests your knowledge of major psychological theories and their proponents.
  • First, identify the key concept in the question: 'classical conditioning theory'.
  • Next, scan the options to see if you can directly match the theory to the correct psychologist.
  • If you are unsure, try to eliminate incorrect options by recalling the main contributions of the other theorists listed (Maslow's Hierarchy, Freud's Psychoanalysis, etc.).
  • The direct association between 'classical conditioning' and 'Ivan Pavlov' is a fundamental concept in introductory psychology.
Concept Tested & Keywords
  • Concept Tested: Proponent of Classical Conditioning Theory
  • Stem keywords: classical conditioning theory, behavior therapy
  • Lead-in keywords: proposed by whom
  • Negative lead-in flag: false

Question ID

Q6SYLzHqFzH4jks54KLKv4

Reference Book

E6 Robert Boland, Marcia L. Verduin - Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Text of Psychiatry-Wolters Kluwer Health (2024) (pp 1-16525 of 16525) p. 2459-2461

E6 Psychology Applied Sreevani 5e p. 149-151

E6 Psychology Applied Sreevani 6e Sem1 p. 150-152

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