The administration of readymade antibodies is called as?

Appeared in: IGNOU PB Bsc Nsg Entrance-2017

Explanation

Artificial Passive Immunity, which involves the administration of pre-formed antibodies.
The keyword 'readymade antibodies' indicates that the immunity is passive, as the recipient's body does not actively produce them.
The keyword 'administration' implies an artificial process, such as an injection, distinguishing it from natural passive immunity.
This method provides immediate but temporary protection because the antibodies are eventually broken down and no memory cells are formed.

Option A: Natural active immunity develops after a person is exposed to a disease-causing agent naturally (e.g., gets sick) and their own immune system produces antibodies. It is not the administration of readymade antibodies.
Option B: Natural passive immunity involves the transfer of antibodies through natural processes, specifically from mother to child via the placenta or breast milk. It is not an artificial administration.
Option C: Artificial active immunity is induced by vaccination, where an antigen (not readymade antibodies) is administered to stimulate the person's own immune system to produce antibodies and memory cells.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Types of Acquired Immunity as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding the different types of immunity is fundamental for nurses, especially in the context of vaccination schedules, post-exposure prophylaxis, and patient education.
Nurses administer agents for both active (vaccines) and passive (immunoglobulins) artificial immunity. Knowing the difference is critical for safe practice and explaining the benefits and limitations to patients.
For example, after a needlestick injury from a patient with Hepatitis B, a nurse might receive both Hepatitis B vaccine (for artificial active immunity) and Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (for artificial passive immunity) for immediate and long-term protection.

How to Approach the Question

First, analyze the keywords in the question stem: 'administration' and 'readymade antibodies'.
Break down the term 'readymade antibodies'. This means the antibodies are pre-formed and given directly, which corresponds to 'passive' immunity.
Next, analyze the term 'administration'. This implies a medical procedure, making the process 'artificial' rather than 'natural'.
Combine the two concepts: 'artificial' and 'passive'.
Evaluate the options to find the one that matches 'Artificial Passive Immunity'.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Pharmacology Nursing Lilley 11e Part 3 pp. 148-150, 147-149

E6 Physiology Essentials Sembulingam 10e Part 1 p. 126-128

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