Ratio of cardiac compression and artificial breathing/respiration is:

Appeared in: IGNOU PB Bsc Entrance-2023

Explanation

The standard and universally recommended ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths in CPR is 30:2.
According to American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, a single rescuer should use the 30:2 ratio for adults, children, and infants.
This ratio provides an optimal balance between circulating blood via compressions and providing oxygen through rescue breaths.
For two rescuers performing CPR on an adult, the ratio remains 30:2. However, for children and infants with two rescuers, the ratio changes to 15:2.

Option A: A ratio of 60:6, which simplifies to 10:1, is not a recognized CPR guideline. Delivering 6 breaths would cause excessive interruptions in chest compressions, which is detrimental to maintaining blood flow.
Option C: A ratio of 30:3 is incorrect. While the compression count is right, providing three breaths would unnecessarily prolong the pause in compressions, reducing coronary and cerebral perfusion.
Option D: A ratio of 60:3, which simplifies to 20:1, is not a standard CPR ratio. Current guidelines emphasize a consistent 30:2 or 15:2 ratio depending on the number of rescuers and age of the victim.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) compression-to-ventilation ratio as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Mastery of the correct CPR ratio (30:2 for single rescuers) is a fundamental and life-saving skill for all nurses and healthcare providers as per Basic Life Support (BLS) protocols.
The emphasis in modern CPR is on high-quality, uninterrupted chest compressions. Pauses, such as those for rescue breaths, should be minimized and last no longer than 10 seconds.
In the Indian context, with a high burden of cardiovascular disease, widespread knowledge of correct CPR techniques among healthcare professionals is critical for improving outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests.

How to Approach the Question

Identify the core of the question: It asks for a standard ratio used in a medical procedure (CPR).
Recognize this as a factual recall question based on established clinical guidelines (AHA Basic Life Support).
Recall the universal compression-to-ventilation ratio for a single rescuer.
Evaluate the given options against this standard. The 30:2 ratio is the correct guideline for a single rescuer for all age groups.
Eliminate the other options as they do not conform to any current, standard CPR protocols.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) compression-to-ventilation ratio.
Stem keywords: cardiac compression, artificial breathing, respiration, ratio
Lead-in keywords: is:
Negative lead-in flag: false

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E6 Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics(2024) — Volume 1 p. 610-612

E6 Ghai Essential Pediatrics(pp 26-904 of 913) p. 763-765

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