Pulse Polio immunization was launched in?

IGNOU Post B. SC. Nursing entrance-2019

Community Health Nursing

Easy

Appeared in: IGNOU Post B. SC. Nursing entrance-2019

Explanation

The Pulse Polio Immunization (PPI) program was officially launched in India in 1995.
The first round was conducted on December 9, 1995, followed by a second round on January 20, 1996.
The primary objective was to achieve 100% coverage of the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) among children under five years of age to eradicate the poliovirus.
This strategy involved simultaneous vaccination of all children in this age group on designated National Immunization Days, supplementing routine immunization.
India's last reported case of wild poliovirus was in January 2011, and the WHO declared the South-East Asia Region, including India, polio-free in March 2014.

Option A: This year is incorrect. While immunization efforts continued, 2005 was a period of intensifying the program in response to remaining polio cases, not the launch year.
Option C: This was the second year of the PPI program, not the launch year. The program's success depended on repeated annual rounds.
Option D: This year is also incorrect. By 1998, the PPI program was well-established. Vaccine Vial Monitors (VVM) were introduced on vaccine procurements this year to ensure vaccine potency.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Launch year of the Pulse Polio Immunization (PPI) program in India as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding the history and strategy of national health programs like PPI is crucial for community health nurses to appreciate the impact of mass immunization and public health policy.
Nurses play a vital role in such campaigns through vaccine administration, community mobilization, education, and surveillance (reporting cases of Acute Flaccid Paralysis).
What if? If a case of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is suspected, a nurse's immediate action is to report it to the surveillance system. The response would involve localized immunization campaigns, not necessarily a full national round like the original PPI.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question asking for a specific date related to a major public health program in India.
First, identify the key phrase: 'Pulse Polio immunization launched'.
Scan the options, which are all years.
Recall or deduce the timeline of major Indian health initiatives. The mid-1990s was a key period for such programs.
Select the year that corresponds to the launch of the PPI program. Differentiate it from years of program continuation or other health initiatives.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Launch year of the Pulse Polio Immunization (PPI) program in India.
Stem keywords: Pulse Polio immunization, launched
Lead-in keywords: BEST, MOST RELEVANT CLUE

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