Planning is a category of nursing behaviors in which:

Appeared in: ISRO- 2016

Explanation

Planning is the third step in the five-step nursing process (Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation).
The primary purpose of this phase is to work in partnership with the patient to establish priorities, identify and write expected patient outcomes (goals), and select evidence-based nursing interventions.
A patient outcome is an expected conclusion to a patient's health problem.
This process results in a written nursing care plan that directs the entire nursing team.

Option A: This describes the Assessment and Diagnosis phases. During assessment, the nurse collects data to determine the patient's health status and needs. During diagnosis, the nurse analyzes this data to identify actual and potential health problems.
Option B: This statement is incorrect because it confuses the roles of the physician and the nurse. The physician establishes the medical plan of care (e.g., diagnoses, medications, surgery), while the nurse develops the nursing plan of care, which addresses the patient's response to their health problems and related care needs.
Option D: While patient input is crucial and planning should be patient-centered, the patient does not solely determine the care needed. The nurse uses clinical judgment, evidence-based practice, and professional standards to guide the planning process in collaboration with the patient.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Knowing The planning phase of the nursing process helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
A well-constructed nursing care plan is a legal document that ensures continuity of care, provides a basis for evaluation, and promotes communication among healthcare team members.
Effective planning helps in prioritizing patient care, ensuring that the most critical needs are addressed first, which directly impacts patient safety and outcomes.
What if? If a patient is unconscious and cannot participate in planning, the nurse must collaborate with the patient's family or legal guardian. Goals are then based on the nurse's assessment findings, established standards of care, and the patient's best interests.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the keyword in the question, which is 'Planning'.
Recall the five steps of the nursing process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADPIE).
Think about the specific activities that occur during the Planning phase.
Evaluate each option against the definition of planning. The core of planning is setting goals and outcomes.
Eliminate options that describe other phases of the nursing process (like Assessment/Diagnosis) or confuse the roles of the healthcare team (physician vs. nurse).

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Nursing Fundamentals Taylor pp. 451-453, 450-452

Practise the full ISRO- 2016

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.