IGNOU PB Bsc Nsg Entrance-2017
Applied Psychology
Easy
Ivan Pavlov has given the theory of?
Appeared in: IGNOU PB Bsc Nsg Entrance-2017
Explanation
- Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, is credited with the discovery and development of the theory of classical conditioning.
- This theory explains how learning occurs through the association of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus, eventually causing the neutral stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.
- Pavlov's famous experiments with dogs demonstrated that they could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell (a previously neutral stimulus) if the bell was repeatedly paired with food (an unconditioned stimulus).
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option B: Operant conditioning focuses on learning through consequences (reinforcement and punishment) and is associated with B.F. Skinner, not Ivan Pavlov.
- Option C: Motivation is a broad field in psychology that studies the reasons behind actions, but it is not a specific learning theory developed by Pavlov. Key theorists include Abraham Maslow and Frederick Herzberg.
- Option D: Catharsis is a concept from psychoanalytic theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, which involves the release of repressed emotional tension.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Theories of Learning in Psychology as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Understanding classical conditioning helps nurses recognize how patients may develop anxieties or phobias related to medical environments. For example, a patient might feel anxious (conditioned response) just by seeing a needle (conditioned stimulus) after a painful injection (unconditioned stimulus).
- This knowledge is applied in behavioral therapies like systematic desensitization to help patients unlearn fear responses to specific stimuli.
- What if? If a patient develops nausea (CR) at the sight of the hospital (CS) where they receive chemotherapy (UCS), the nurse can implement strategies like offering a mint (a new stimulus) during treatment to create a new, less aversive association.
How to Approach the Question
- This is a factual recall question that tests knowledge of major psychological theories and their proponents.
- First, identify the key figure in the question: 'Ivan Pavlov'.
- Next, review the options provided, which are all psychological concepts or theories.
- Access your memory of foundational psychology. Associate Ivan Pavlov with his famous experiment involving dogs, bells, and salivation.
- This experiment is the cornerstone of 'Classical Conditioning'. Match the name to the theory to select the correct answer.
- Briefly recall the proponents of the other theories (Skinner for Operant Conditioning, Freud for Catharsis) to confirm they are incorrect distractors.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Theories of Learning in Psychology
- Stem keywords: Ivan Pavlov, theory
- Lead-in keywords: BEST, MOST RELEVANT CLUE
- Negative lead-in flag: false
Question ID
Qiy9BrmZ3ZGLBaH5tilAMW
Reference Book
E6 Psychology Applied Sreevani 5e p. 149-151
E6 Psychology Applied Sreevani 6e Sem1 p. 150-152
E6 Robert Boland, Marcia L. Verduin - Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Text of Psychiatry-Wolters Kluwer Health (2024) (pp 1-16525 of 16525) p. 12649-12651
Practise the full IGNOU PB Bsc Nsg Entrance-2017
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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