______ is an infection in humans that can be transmitted through milk.

Appeared in: NHM UP Staff Nurse-2023 shift 1st

Explanation

Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic infection caused by various Brucella species.
It is primarily transmitted from animals (like cattle, goats, sheep) to humans.
The most common route of transmission to humans is through the consumption of unpasteurized or raw dairy products (milk, cheese, ice cream) from infected animals, as stated in source SRC_28321.
Other transmission routes include inhalation of the bacteria or direct contact with infected animal tissues.

Option B: Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by roundworms and is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes (e.g., Culex, Anopheles). It is not a milk-borne illness.
Option C: Dengue is a viral infection transmitted by the bite of an infected Aedes aegypti mosquito. It is not transmitted through milk.
Option D: Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes, primarily of the Aedes and Haemagogus species. It is not related to milk consumption.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Knowing Modes of disease transmission, specifically milk-borne infections helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
A key nursing role involves educating patients and the public about the risks of consuming raw (unpasteurized) milk and dairy products to prevent brucellosis and other milk-borne diseases.
Nurses should be aware of brucellosis symptoms (fever, sweats, joint pain) to identify potential cases, especially in patients with relevant occupational (e.g., farmer, veterinarian) or dietary histories.
What if? If a patient presents with a persistent, undulating fever and joint pain, and their history reveals they are a dairy farmer who drinks raw milk, the nurse should have a high index of suspicion for Brucellosis and ensure this information is communicated to the physician for appropriate testing.

How to Approach the Question

First, analyze the question stem to identify the key concept: an infection transmitted through milk.
Next, review each option and recall or determine its primary mode of transmission.
Option A (Brucellosis): Recall that this is a classic zoonotic disease linked to unpasteurized milk.
Options B, C, and D (Filariasis, Dengue, Yellow fever): Recognize these as well-known vector-borne diseases, all transmitted by mosquitoes.
Compare the mode of transmission for each option with the requirement in the stem ('transmitted through milk').
Conclude that Brucellosis is the only option that fits the description.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Modes of disease transmission, specifically milk-borne infections.
Stem keywords: infection, transmitted, milk
Lead-in keywords: BEST, MOST RELEVANT CLUE
Negative lead-in flag: false

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E6 Parks TextBook of Preventive & Social Medicine part 1 — Subpart B (pp 202-403 of 604) p. 153-155

E6 Comprehensive Textbook of Community Health Nursing for BSc Nursing Students Part 2 — Subpart A (pp 1-275 of 550) p. 93-95

Practise the full NHM UP Staff Nurse-2023 shift 1st

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.