Identify the statements below that are true for "Cancer".

1. It is a group of diseases in which cells show irregular growth.
2. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer found.
3. Liver cancer is the leading cause of death.
4. In the year 2020, 20 million people worldwide were affected by cancer. 5. Cancer is the sixth leading cause of death.

Select the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A

   Only 1, 2, 3 and 4

2. B

   Only 1, 2 and 4

3. C

   Only 1, 2, 4 and 5

4. D

   Only 1, 3 and 5

Appeared in: Raj. CHO -2024

Explanation

• Statement 1 is the correct definition of cancer as a disease of uncontrolled, abnormal cell growth.
• Statement 2 is considered correct in the context of the question, which references the year 2020. In that year, breast cancer was reported as the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally.
• Statement 4 is a correct approximation. Global statistics for 2022 show nearly 20 million new cases, making this statement factually accurate.

Why Other Options Were Wrong

• Option A: This option incorrectly includes statement 3. Lung cancer, not liver cancer, is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.
• Option C: This option incorrectly includes statement 5. Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, not the sixth.
• Option D: This option incorrectly includes statements 3 and 5, both of which are false. Lung cancer is the leading cause of death, and cancer is the second leading cause of death overall.

Related Visual

• Visual 1: Infographic: A world map highlighting the incidence and mortality rates of the top 5 cancers (Lung, Breast, Colorectal, Liver, Stomach) across different continents. This would visually summarize the data discussed.
• Visual 2: Chart: A bar chart comparing the number of new cases for the most common cancers in 2020 and 2022, illustrating the shift between breast and lung cancer.
• Visual 3: Flowchart: A diagram illustrating how cancer moves from the sixth to the second leading cause of death over time, showing the influence of factors like increased lifespan and decreased mortality from other diseases.

Clinical Relevance

• Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Global Cancer Statistics and Epidemiology as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
• Nurses play a vital role in primary prevention by educating patients about lifestyle modifications (e.g., smoking cessation, healthy diet, exercise) to reduce cancer risk.
• In secondary prevention, nurses are crucial for promoting and facilitating cancer screenings (e.g., mammography, Pap tests, colonoscopy) for early detection, which significantly improves prognosis.
• What if? If a patient from a low-income country presents with symptoms, a nurse should have a higher index of suspicion for infection-related cancers (like liver, stomach, cervical), as these are more prevalent in less developed regions compared to 'Westernized' cancers like breast and prostate.

How to Approach the Question

• First, read the main question to understand the topic: 'Cancer'.
• Next, analyze each of the five numbered statements individually. Treat each one as a true/false question.
• Use your knowledge base to verify the facts presented in each statement. For statistics, recall recent data (e.g., from WHO or GLOBOCAN).
• Statement 1 is a definition. Statement 2 is about incidence. Statement 3 is about mortality. Statement 4 is about total cases in a specific year. Statement 5 is about its rank as a cause of death.
• After evaluating all five statements, identify the set of true statements (in this case, 1, 2, and 4).
• Finally, compare your set of true statements with the given options (A, B, C, D) and select the one that matches exactly.

Concept Tested & Keywords

• Concept Tested: Global Cancer Statistics and Epidemiology
• Stem keywords: Cancer, irregular growth, breast cancer, liver cancer, leading cause of death, 2020
• Lead-in keywords: Identify the statements, true for, Select the correct answer

Question ID

QfKkfwtB49BAccj_f6gUkp

Copy ID

Reference Book

E6 Comprehensive Textbook of Community Health Nursing for BSc Nursing Students Part 2 — Subpart B (pp 276-535 of 550) p. 276-550