Identify the name of the vaccine that helps to prevent diarrheal disease?

Appeared in: RIMS Nursing Officer - 2022

Explanation

Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe, dehydrating gastroenteritis (diarrhea and vomiting) in infants and young children globally.
The Rotavirus vaccine is a live, attenuated vaccine administered orally to build immunity against this specific virus.
By preventing severe rotavirus infections, the vaccine significantly reduces hospitalizations and deaths related to childhood diarrhea.

Option B: The Pneumococcal vaccine targets the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Option C: The HPV vaccine targets the Human Papillomavirus, which is a sexually transmitted infection.
Option D: The BCG vaccine provides immunity against the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Knowing Vaccine-preventable diseases, specifically immunization against diarrheal illness helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
A key nursing responsibility is educating parents on the immunization schedule and the importance of completing the rotavirus vaccine series to ensure protection.
Nurses must screen infants for contraindications, especially a prior history of intussusception, before administering the vaccine.
Patient education should include teaching parents to recognize the signs of intussusception post-vaccination (e.g., severe crying spells, drawing legs to the chest, vomiting, 'red currant jelly' stool) and to seek immediate medical care if they occur.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key condition in the question stem, which is 'diarrheal disease'.
Next, review the four vaccine options provided.
Recall the primary disease that each vaccine is designed to prevent.
Match the condition (diarrhea) with the corresponding vaccine. Rotavirus is a well-known pathogen causing severe gastroenteritis.
Systematically eliminate the other options by confirming they target different diseases: Pneumococcal for pneumonia/meningitis, HPV for cancer/warts, and BCG for tuberculosis.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Vaccine-preventable diseases, specifically immunization against diarrheal illness.
Stem keywords: vaccine, prevent, diarrheal disease
Lead-in keywords: Identify

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E6 Ghai Essential Pediatrics(pp 26-904 of 913) pp. 200-202, 201-203

E6 Parks TextBook of Preventive & Social Medicine part 1 — Subpart B (pp 202-403 of 604) p. 82-84

Practise the full RIMS Nursing Officer - 2022

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.