Given below are two statements:Statement I: Oral Polio Vaccine contains live attenuated virus cultured in human diploid cells or primary monkey kidney cells.Statement II: Ideally, each virus should be given separately, but for convenience, it is given in bivalent form.Choose the correct answer:

1. A

   Both Statement I and II are incorrect

2. B

   Statement I is true, but Statement II is false

3. C

   Both Statement I and II are correct

4. D

   Statement I is false, but Statement II is true

Appeared in: BHU NO - 12 April 2024

Explanation

• Both statements presented in the question are factually incorrect based on current vaccine production and public health strategies.
• Statement I is false because while OPV is grown in primary monkey kidney cells, the inclusion of 'human diploid cells' is incorrect for OPV, though it is used for the Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV).
• Statement II is false because the use of combined vaccines like bivalent OPV is a strategic decision based on efficacy and safety, not merely convenience. The switch from trivalent to bivalent OPV was to eliminate the risk from the type 2 vaccine strain and improve immunogenicity against types 1 and 3.

Why Other Options Were Wrong

• Option B: This option incorrectly claims that Statement I is true. Statement I is false because OPV is not typically cultured in human diploid cells.
• Option C: This option incorrectly claims both statements are correct. As explained, both statements contain significant factual errors regarding OPV's culture medium and the strategic reasons for its formulation.
• Option D: This option incorrectly claims that Statement II is true. Statement II's reasoning that bivalent OPV is used for 'convenience' and that separate administration is 'ideal' is false. The formulation is a strategic choice for safety and efficacy.

Related Visual

Clinical Relevance

• Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Properties and administration strategy of Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
• Understanding the switch from tOPV to bOPV is crucial for nurses to explain the immunization schedule to parents and address concerns about vaccine changes.
• Nurses must know that OPV is a live vaccine and is contraindicated in immunocompromised children and their household contacts to prevent vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP).
• What if? If a child in the household is on chemotherapy (immunocompromised), the newborn sibling should not receive OPV due to the risk of shedding the live virus. Instead, an IPV-only schedule would be recommended for the newborn to ensure safety for the immunocompromised sibling.

How to Approach the Question

• This is an assertion-reason style question presented as two statements. Your task is to evaluate the factual accuracy of each statement independently.
• Step 1: Analyze Statement I. Recall or look up the manufacturing process for OPV. Focus on the specific cell cultures used. Note the word 'or' – this means only one of the options needs to be correct for the statement to be potentially true, but if one is definitively wrong, it makes the statement misleading.
• Step 2: Analyze Statement II. Evaluate the claim about the 'ideal' method of administration and the reason for using the bivalent form. Consider the principles of public health and mass immunization campaigns.
• Step 3: Synthesize your findings. Determine if Statement I is true/false and if Statement II is true/false.
• Step 4: Compare your conclusion for both statements against the given options to find the one that correctly describes the validity of both Statement I and Statement II.

Concept Tested & Keywords

• Concept Tested: Properties and administration strategy of Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV).
• Stem keywords: Oral Polio Vaccine, live attenuated virus, human diploid cells, primary monkey kidney cells, bivalent form
• Lead-in keywords: Choose the correct answer

Question ID

QzPQxHrMmvZxN5UsJRbkug

Copy ID

Reference Book

E6 Ghai Essential Pediatrics(pp 26-904 of 913) p. 193-195

E6 Parks TextBook of Preventive & Social Medicine part 1 — Subpart B (pp 202-403 of 604) p. 58-60