Example of transmission of disease through blood are following?

Appeared in: NCL (MP) Nursing Officer - 2020

Explanation

HIV is a classic example of a bloodborne pathogen.
It is transmitted through direct contact with infected body fluids, primarily blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk.
Common routes of bloodborne transmission include sharing contaminated needles (intravenous drug use), receiving contaminated blood transfusions or blood products, and occupational exposure like needlestick injuries in healthcare settings.

Option B: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is not primarily a bloodborne pathogen. Its main route of transmission is fecal-oral.
Option C: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is also transmitted via the fecal-oral route, similar to Hepatitis A. It is often associated with contaminated drinking water.
Option D: This option is incorrect because a correct example, HIV, is listed in the options.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Knowing Modes of disease transmission, specifically bloodborne pathogens helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
Nurses must apply Standard Precautions with every patient to prevent the transmission of bloodborne pathogens. This assumes every patient is potentially infectious.
In case of a needlestick injury (occupational exposure), immediate action is critical. This includes washing the area, reporting the incident, and initiating post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV, typically within hours of exposure.
Patient education is a key nursing role. This includes teaching high-risk individuals about safe practices to prevent the spread of HIV, such as not sharing needles and practicing safe sex.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key phrase in the question stem: "transmission of disease through blood". This sets the criterion for the correct answer.
Next, evaluate each option against this criterion.
Recall the primary transmission routes for each listed disease.
HIV is widely known to be transmitted via blood and other body fluids.
Hepatitis A and E are known to be transmitted via the fecal-oral route (contaminated food and water).
Based on this analysis, HIV is the only option that fits the description of a bloodborne disease.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Modes of disease transmission, specifically bloodborne pathogens.
Stem keywords: transmission of disease, blood
Lead-in keywords: Example of
Negative lead-in flag: false

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E6 Pathology-Textbook of PATHOLOGYHarsh Mohan Part 1 (1-214) p. 153-155

E6 Microbiology Essentials Sastry 4e Part 1 p. 131-133

E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 2 p. 556-558

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