Every person who attended a smoking cessation educational programme completed a questionnaire. This method of data collection is called :

Appeared in: IGNOU PB. Bsc. Nsg. Entrance-2025

Explanation

The scenario describes administering a questionnaire to every person in a specific group (attendees of a smoking cessation program).
This method aligns perfectly with the definition of a survey, which uses standardized tools like questionnaires to gather data from a defined population.
The goal is to collect self-reported information on characteristics, attitudes, or experiences from a large number of individuals efficiently.
Unlike other methods, it does not involve direct observation, in-depth study of a single case, or group discussion.

Option B: Observation involves watching and recording behavior as it happens in a natural setting. It does not use questionnaires for self-reporting.
Option C: A case study is an intensive, in-depth analysis of a single individual or a very small group over a period. It uses multiple data sources, not just one questionnaire given to a large group.
Option D: A focus group involves a moderated discussion with a small group of people to explore their opinions and beliefs. It gathers qualitative data through interaction, not individual written responses.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Identification of research data collection methods as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding different data collection methods is crucial for nurses to engage in evidence-based practice (EBP).
Nurses often participate in or conduct research, such as quality improvement projects, where surveys are used to gather patient feedback or assess staff knowledge.
Being able to critically appraise research literature requires knowing the strengths and weaknesses of methods like surveys, observations, and case studies.

How to Approach the Question

First, carefully read the question stem to identify the key action: 'completed a questionnaire'.
Next, identify the target group: 'Every person who attended a smoking cessation educational programme'.
Review the definitions of each option. A 'survey' uses questionnaires to collect data from many people.
An 'observation' involves watching people. A 'case study' is an in-depth look at one person/group. A 'focus group' is a small group discussion.
Match the action in the stem (giving a questionnaire to a whole group) with the correct definition. This clearly points to the survey method.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Identification of research data collection methods
Stem keywords: data collection, questionnaire, smoking cessation, educational programme
Lead-in keywords: method of data collection is called
Negative lead-in flag: false

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Practise the full IGNOU PB. Bsc. Nsg. Entrance-2025

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.