Due to the deficiency of iodine which disease arises in body?

Appeared in: MNS 2015

Explanation

Goitre is the enlargement of the thyroid gland, located in the neck.
The primary cause of goitre worldwide is a dietary deficiency of iodine.
Iodine is an essential mineral that the thyroid gland uses to produce thyroid hormones (T3 and T4).
When iodine intake is low, the thyroid gland works harder and enlarges to try and capture more iodine from the bloodstream, resulting in goitre.

Option A: Anaemia is primarily caused by a deficiency of iron, not iodine. Iron is crucial for the production of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Option B: BeriBeri is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine), which is essential for energy metabolism and nerve function.
Option C: Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid), which is vital for collagen synthesis, wound healing, and immune function.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Knowing Nutritional Deficiency Diseases helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
Nurses play a key role in identifying populations at risk for iodine deficiency, especially in endemic regions like the Himalayan belt in India.
Patient education is crucial. Nurses should educate patients and communities about the importance of using iodized salt to prevent Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs).
During physical assessment, nurses should check for any swelling in the neck which could be an early sign of goitre and requires further investigation.

How to Approach the Question

First, carefully read the question to identify the core concept being tested. The question asks for the disease caused by a 'deficiency of iodine'.
Focus on the keyword 'iodine'.
Systematically evaluate each option provided.
Recall or deduce the primary cause for each listed disease: Anaemia (iron), BeriBeri (Vitamin B1), Scurvy (Vitamin C), and Goitre (iodine).
Match the nutrient (iodine) with its corresponding deficiency disease (Goitre).
Select the option that correctly links iodine deficiency to the disease.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Qa5f5pW4VLcDqFVnAIabIc

E6 textbook of Applied Biochemistry and Nutrition & DieteticsHarbans Lal (pp 26-464 of 479) p. 373-375

E6 Parks TextBook of Preventive & Social Medicine part 2 — Subpart A (pp 1-232 of 464) p. 158-160

E6 Ghai Essential Pediatrics(pp 26-904 of 913) p. 114-116

Practise the full MNS 2015

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.