COVID - 19 is caused by infection with the virus strain:

Appeared in: Hariyana-CHO-2021

Explanation

COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is the disease caused by the virus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
SARS-CoV-2 was identified in late 2019 and is responsible for the global pandemic that started in 2020.
The '2' in its name distinguishes it from the first SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), which caused a separate outbreak in 2002-2004.
Genomic sequencing confirms that SARS-CoV-2 is a betacoronavirus, related to but distinct from other human coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV.

Option B: SARS-CoV-1 is the virus that causes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), a different illness that led to an outbreak in 2002-2004. It is not the cause of COVID-19.
Option C: There is no officially recognized virus named 'SARS-CoV-3' that causes a major human respiratory illness. This is a fabricated option.
Option D: This option is incorrect because the correct answer, SARS-CoV-2, is provided as the first option.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Knowing Etiology of COVID-19 helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
Correctly identifying the causative agent (SARS-CoV-2) is fundamental for accurate diagnosis (e.g., PCR, antigen tests), appropriate treatment (e.g., antiviral therapy), and effective public health surveillance, including the tracking of new variants.
Nursing care for patients with COVID-19 requires strict adherence to infection control protocols, including standard, contact, and droplet precautions. Airborne precautions (e.g., N95 respirators) are necessary during aerosol-generating procedures.
Patient education is a key nursing role, which includes explaining the difference between the virus and the disease, the importance of vaccination, and how to prevent transmission.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core of the question: it asks for the specific name of the virus that causes the disease COVID-19.
Recall the official nomenclature. The disease is named 'COVID-19' (COronaVIrus Disease 2019), and the virus that causes it is 'SARS-CoV-2' (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2).
Evaluate the options based on this knowledge. Option A, 'SARS-CoV 2', directly matches the correct virus name.
Systematically eliminate the incorrect options. 'SARS-CoV 1' is the virus for the original SARS outbreak. 'SARS-CoV 3' is not a recognized virus. 'None of the above' is incorrect because a correct option is available.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Parks TextBook of Preventive & Social Medicine part 1 — Subpart B (pp 202-403 of 604) p. 1-3

E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 1 p. 1036-1038

E6 Pathology- ROBBINS & COTRAN PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE 10TH Ed p. 360-362

Practise the full Hariyana-CHO-2021

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.