Complication that can be prevented by using foot rest?

NIMHANS Nursing Officer - 2019

Edition 3

Medium

Appeared in: NIMHANS Nursing Officer - 2019

Explanation

A foot rest, or footboard, is a device placed at the foot of the bed to keep the patient's feet in a dorsiflexed position (toes pointing upward).
This position counteracts the effects of gravity and muscle weakness that tend to pull the foot into plantar flexion (toes pointing downward).
By maintaining proper alignment, the foot rest prevents the shortening of the Achilles tendon and the development of a permanent plantar flexion contracture, which is known as foot drop.
This complication makes walking difficult or impossible as the patient cannot lift the front of their foot.

Option A: Bed sores (pressure injuries) are caused by sustained pressure on skin over bony prominences, leading to tissue ischemia. A foot rest does not relieve this pressure and can even cause pressure sores on the heels if not padded or positioned correctly.
Option B: Foot oedema is swelling caused by the accumulation of excess fluid in the tissues. A foot rest does not facilitate fluid return from the lower extremities.
Option D: A rash is a skin condition caused by factors like moisture, friction, infection, or allergic reactions. A foot rest is a mechanical positioning device and is unrelated to the prevention of dermatological issues.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Use of positioning devices to prevent complications of immobility as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses play a crucial role in preventing complications of immobility. Correctly using positioning devices like footboards is a key intervention to maintain musculoskeletal function and promote patient safety.
When using a footboard, it's essential to ensure there is a small space between the patient's heels and the board to prevent pressure injury on the heels.
Regularly assess the patient's skin integrity, range of motion, and neurovascular status in the lower extremities.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key term in the question: 'foot rest'. Understand that this is a positioning device.
Recall or deduce the primary function of a foot rest (or footboard) in a hospital setting. Its purpose is to provide a firm surface against the soles of the feet.
Analyze the mechanical effect of this device: it physically prevents the feet from pointing downwards.
Evaluate each option in the context of this mechanical function:
Bed sore: Caused by pressure. A foot rest doesn't prevent pressure sores.
Foot oedema: Caused by fluid accumulation. A foot rest doesn't help with fluid drainage.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Use of positioning devices to prevent complications of immobility.
Stem keywords: complication, prevented, foot rest
Lead-in keywords: prevented by
Negative lead-in flag: false

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