Complete dialation of cervix is observed on vaginal examination during:

IGNOU PB Bsc Nsg.Entrance-2026

Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Easy

Appeared in: IGNOU PB Bsc Nsg.Entrance-2026

Explanation

The second stage of labor is defined as the period from full cervical dilation (10 cm) until the complete expulsion of the fetus.
When a vaginal examination confirms that the cervix is fully dilated, it signifies the end of the first stage and the beginning of the second stage.
This stage has two phases: a passive (propulsive) phase where the fetal head descends, and an active (expulsive) phase characterized by maternal pushing efforts.
Key signs of the second stage include an irresistible urge to bear down, rupture of membranes (if not already occurred), and visible bulging of the perineum as the fetal head descends.

Option B: The third stage of labor begins after the baby is delivered and is focused on the separation and expulsion of the placenta and membranes. The cervix is already fully dilated and the fetus has been born.
Option C: The fourth stage of labor is the immediate postpartum period, typically the first 1 to 4 hours after the delivery of the placenta. It is a critical time for monitoring the mother for complications like hemorrhage.
Option D: The first stage of labor is the period of progressive cervical dilation and effacement. It starts with the onset of true labor pains and ends when the cervix is fully dilated. Therefore, complete dilation is the endpoint of this stage, not the period during which it is observed as a completed state.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Stages of Labor and Cervical Dilation as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Correctly identifying the stage of labor is crucial for providing appropriate nursing care. For instance, encouraging a mother to push before the cervix is fully dilated (during the first stage) can lead to cervical edema, maternal exhaustion, and potential fetal distress.
Once the second stage is confirmed, the nurse's role shifts to supporting the mother's pushing efforts, monitoring fetal heart rate more frequently (e.g., every 5-15 minutes), and preparing for the imminent delivery.
What if? - If a mother has a strong urge to push but a vaginal exam reveals the cervix is only 8 cm dilated, the nurse should help her manage the urge using breathing techniques (e.g., panting) to prevent premature pushing and allow the cervix to dilate fully.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question based on the definitions of the stages of labor.
Identify the key phrase in the question: "Complete dialation of cervix is observed".
Recall the definition of each stage of labor.
The first stage ends with complete dilation.
The second stage begins with complete dilation.
Therefore, the observation of a completely dilated cervix places the patient in the second stage of labor.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Stages of Labor and Cervical Dilation
Stem keywords: Complete dialation of cervix, vaginal examination, stage of labour
Lead-in keywords: during