APGAR SCORE includes all of the following EXCEPT :

Appeared in: IGNOU PB. Bsc. Nsg. Entrance-2025

Explanation

The APGAR score is a mnemonic for Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration.
The option 'Reaction' is not a component of the APGAR score.
The 'R' in the APGAR acronym stands for Respiration, which assesses the newborn's breathing effort and quality of cry.
Therefore, 'Reaction' is the correct answer to the question asking which component is NOT included.

Option A: Appearance (skin color) is the first component ('A') of the APGAR score.
Option B: Posture is a direct clinical observation used to assess 'Activity' (muscle tone), which is the second 'A' in the APGAR score. A flexed posture indicates good tone, while a limp posture indicates poor tone.
Option C: Grimace (reflex irritability) is the 'G' component of the APGAR score.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Components of the APGAR Score as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
The APGAR score provides a rapid, standardized method for healthcare professionals to assess a newborn's transition to extrauterine life and determine the need for immediate medical intervention.
A low 1-minute score identifies newborns needing immediate help, while a low 5-minute score is a better predictor of long-term outcomes. If the score remains low at 5 minutes, scoring may be continued every 5 minutes for up to 20 minutes.
What if? If a newborn has a 5-minute APGAR score of 5, the nurse should continue resuscitation efforts (e.g., providing positive pressure ventilation, supplemental oxygen), call for additional help (like a neonatologist), and prepare to reassess the APGAR score at 10 minutes. This score indicates moderate depression and requires ongoing intervention.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify that the question uses the negative keyword 'EXCEPT'. This means you are looking for the option that does NOT belong.
Recall the acronym 'APGAR' and what each letter stands for: Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration.
Evaluate each option against the components of the APGAR score.
Option A, 'Appearance', matches the first 'A'.
Option B, 'Posture', is how 'Activity' (the second 'A') is assessed. It's closely related.
Option C, 'Grimace', matches the 'G'.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Ghai Essential Pediatrics(pp 26-904 of 913) p. 118-120

E6 Obstetrics Williams p. 3

Practise the full IGNOU PB. Bsc. Nsg. Entrance-2025

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.