All of the following are diseases caused by contaminated water, except one?

Appeared in: P.CHO-2019

Explanation

Mumps is the correct answer because it is not a waterborne disease.
It is caused by the mumps virus and spreads through infected respiratory droplets (from coughing or sneezing) or direct contact with the saliva of an infected person.
The hallmark symptom of mumps is painful swelling of the parotid (salivary) glands.

Option A: Cholera is a classic example of a waterborne disease. It is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which is transmitted by ingesting contaminated water or food.
Option C: Hepatitis A is a viral liver infection transmitted through the fecal-oral route. This commonly occurs from ingesting food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person.
Option D: Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi. It is spread through contaminated food and water, making it a waterborne illness.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Modes of transmission for communicable diseases as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding the mode of transmission is fundamental for nurses to implement appropriate infection control measures, known as transmission-based precautions.
For waterborne (enteric) diseases like Cholera, Typhoid, and Hepatitis A, nurses use Standard Precautions, with an emphasis on hand hygiene and safe disposal of feces. Contact Precautions may be needed if there is a risk of environmental contamination.
For a disease like Mumps, nurses must implement Droplet Precautions, which includes wearing a surgical mask when working within close proximity to the patient, in addition to Standard Precautions.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the keyword 'except' in the question stem. This means you are looking for the option that does not fit the given category.
The category is 'diseases caused by contaminated water'.
Review each option and determine its primary mode of transmission.
Cholera is transmitted by contaminated water.
Hepatitis A is transmitted by contaminated water and food.
Typhoid is transmitted by contaminated water and food.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Qhw_wOtFQPylFqBEJxCupU

E6 Comprehensive Textbook of Community Health Nursing for BSc Nursing Students Part 2 — Subpart A (pp 1-275 of 550) pp. 34-36, 38-40

E6 Parks TextBook of Preventive & Social Medicine part 1 — Subpart B (pp 202-403 of 604) p. 61-63

Practise the full P.CHO-2019

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.