All measures to reduce or limit impairments and disabilities caused by any disease or illness and promote patient adjustment is :

Appeared in: IGNOU PB. Bsc. Nsg. Entrance-2025

Explanation

The question describes actions taken after a disease has already caused impairments and disabilities.
Tertiary prevention is specifically defined as measures to reduce or limit these impairments, minimize suffering, and help the patient adjust to irremediable conditions.
This level of prevention focuses on rehabilitation and improving the quality of life for individuals with an established, often chronic, disease.
The goal is not to cure the disease but to manage its long-term consequences, which directly matches the scenario in the question.

Option A: Primordial prevention aims to stop risk factors from developing in the first place, long before any disease process begins. The question deals with an existing disease and its consequences.
Option B: Primary prevention focuses on stopping the disease from ever occurring. The question describes a situation where the disease is already present.
Option C: Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment to halt a disease's progress. The question describes managing the consequences after the disease has advanced and caused disability, which is beyond the scope of early detection.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Use the key finding related to Levels of Disease Prevention to guide bedside assessment, documentation, and the next nursing action.
Nurses apply all levels of prevention. A community health nurse might focus on primary prevention (vaccination drives), while a critical care nurse applies tertiary prevention (rehabilitating a stroke patient).
Understanding these levels is crucial for patient education. A nurse can explain to a patient with diabetes that blood sugar monitoring is secondary prevention, while foot care to prevent ulcers is tertiary prevention.
What if? If the question asked about screening asymptomatic individuals for high blood pressure, the answer would change to Secondary Prevention, as the goal is early detection and treatment to halt disease progression.

How to Approach the Question

First, analyze the question to determine the stage of the disease process being described. The keywords are "reduce or limit impairments and disabilities" and "promote patient adjustment."
These phrases indicate that a disease or illness is already present and has caused long-term effects.
Next, recall the definitions of the four levels of prevention.
Primordial and Primary prevention occur before the disease starts.
Secondary prevention focuses on the early stages of disease.
Tertiary prevention deals with the late stages and long-term consequences.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Levels of Disease Prevention
Stem keywords: reduce impairments, limit disabilities, promote patient adjustment, disease, illness
Lead-in keywords: is
Negative lead-in flag: false

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E6 Parks TextBook of Preventive & Social Medicine part 1 — Subpart A (pp 26-201 of 604) pp. 32-34, 34-36

E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 1 p. 49-51

Practise the full IGNOU PB. Bsc. Nsg. Entrance-2025

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.