According to the Economic Survey 2019–20, the expenditure on education by the Centre and States, as a proportion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), remained approximately _______ between 2014–15 and 2018–19.

1. A

   2%

2. B

   3%

3. C

   5%

4. D

   4%

Appeared in: NVS Staff Nurse - 2022

Explanation

• The Economic Survey 2019-20 data shows that public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP was 2.8% in 2014-15, 3.1% in 2015-16, 3.1% in 2016-17, 3.0% in 2017-18, and 3.1% in 2018-19.
• These figures consistently hover around the 3% mark throughout the specified period.
• Therefore, 3% is the most accurate approximation among the given choices.

Why Other Options Were Wrong

• Option A: The expenditure was never as low as 2%. The lowest it reached was 2.8% in 2014-15.
• Option C: The expenditure never reached 5%. This figure is significantly higher than the actual spending, which was consistently around 3%.
• Option D: The expenditure did not reach 4% in any year during this period. The highest was 3.1%.

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Clinical Relevance

• Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP in India as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
• Investment in education is a critical component of human capital development, which directly impacts a nation's long-term health and economic outcomes.
• Higher levels of education in a population are correlated with better health indicators, increased health literacy, and greater utilization of preventive healthcare services.
• For nurses and healthcare professionals, understanding these socio-economic trends provides context on the government's priorities and their potential impact on the health and education sectors, which are often intertwined.

How to Approach the Question

• First, identify the key entities and the relationship the question is asking about. Here, it's 'expenditure on education', '% of GDP', and the time frame '2014-15 to 2018-19'.
• The keyword 'approximately' indicates that you should look for a value that best represents the trend over the entire period, not just a single year.
• Recall or look for data from the specified Economic Survey. The data points are 2.8%, 3.1%, 3.1%, 3.0%, and 3.1%.
• Observe the range and central tendency of these data points. They are all very close to 3%.
• Compare this observation with the given options (2%, 3%, 5%, 4%).
• Select the option that is the closest and most representative of the data across the years, which is 3%.

Concept Tested & Keywords

• Concept Tested: Public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP in India.
• Stem keywords: Economic Survey 2019–20, expenditure on education, proportion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 2014–15 and 2018–19
• Lead-in keywords: approximately

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