A woman with infertility receives an ovary transplantation from her sister who is an identical twin, what type of graft it is?

Appeared in: HPSSSB Staff Nurse - 2016

Explanation

An isograft (or syngeneic graft) is a transplant of tissue or an organ between two genetically identical individuals.
The question specifies that the organ donor and recipient are identical twins, meaning they share the exact same genetic material.
Therefore, the transplantation of an ovary between them is correctly classified as an isograft.
A major advantage of isografts is the extremely low risk of immunological rejection, as the recipient's body does not identify the transplanted organ as foreign.

Option A: A xenograft is a transplant between individuals of different species. The scenario describes a transplant between two humans.
Option B: An autograft is a transplant of tissue from one site to another on the same individual. The scenario involves two separate individuals.
Option C: An allograft is a transplant between two genetically different individuals of the same species. Identical twins are genetically identical, not different.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Types of tissue grafts in transplantation as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding graft types is crucial for nurses to anticipate the risk of rejection and the corresponding need for immunosuppressive therapy. Isografts, being genetically identical, typically do not require immunosuppression, unlike allografts.
A nurse caring for any transplant patient must be vigilant in monitoring for signs of rejection (e.g., fever, pain at the site, organ dysfunction), although this risk is minimal in an isograft.
Patient education is a key nursing role. For a patient receiving an isograft, the nurse can provide reassurance about the low rejection risk while still explaining the importance of follow-up care.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key relationship between the donor and recipient in the question stem: 'sister who is an identical twin'.
Next, recall the definitions for the different types of grafts provided in the options.
An isograft is a transplant between genetically identical individuals.
An autograft is a transplant within the same person.
An allograft is a transplant between genetically different individuals of the same species.
A xenograft is a transplant between different species.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Pathology-Textbook of PATHOLOGYHarsh Mohan Part 1 (1-214) p. 149-151

E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 1 p. 955-957

Practise the full HPSSSB Staff Nurse - 2016

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.