DSSSB 12 August 2024
Applied Microbiology & Infection control (E5)
Easy
World Health Organization introduced Faine's criteria to diagnose:
Appeared in: DSSSB 12 August 2024
Explanation
- Faine's criteria were developed by the WHO as a diagnostic scoring system specifically for Leptospirosis.
- The criteria combine clinical signs, epidemiological risk factors, and laboratory findings to make a presumptive diagnosis.
- A total score is calculated, and a score above 25 is highly suggestive of Leptospirosis, prompting early treatment.
- This system is invaluable in resource-limited areas where definitive tests like the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) may be delayed or unavailable.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: Mucormycosis is a fungal infection diagnosed by microscopic examination of a tissue biopsy to identify the fungal hyphae, not by a clinical scoring system like Faine's criteria.
- Option B: COVID-19 is a viral respiratory illness diagnosed primarily through molecular tests (RT-PCR) or antigen tests that detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
- Option D: Trachoma diagnosis relies on the WHO simplified grading system, which is a clinical assessment of the conjunctiva for specific signs of inflammation and scarring.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Diagnostic criteria for infectious diseases as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Faine's criteria enable nurses and clinicians to make a rapid, presumptive diagnosis of Leptospirosis based on readily available information, facilitating early initiation of antibiotic therapy (e.g., Doxycycline or Penicillin).
- Early treatment is critical in preventing the progression of Leptospirosis to its severe form, Weil's disease, which is characterized by jaundice, renal failure, hemorrhage, and high mortality.
- What if? If a patient presents with fever and myalgia but has no epidemiological risk factors (Part B score is zero), their total Faine's score would likely remain below the threshold for a presumptive diagnosis, prompting the nurse to consider other differential diagnoses for fever of unknown origin.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the key term in the question, which is 'Faine's criteria'. This is an eponym, a name given to a disease, sign, or procedure.
- Recognize that such questions test your direct recall of the association between the eponym and the corresponding medical concept.
- Systematically evaluate the options. Recall or deduce the standard diagnostic methods for each disease listed.
- For Mucormycosis, think 'fungal biopsy'. For COVID-19, think 'RT-PCR'. For Trachoma, think 'eye grading'.
- By elimination, or by direct knowledge, associate Faine's criteria with Leptospirosis, a zoonotic bacterial disease.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Diagnostic criteria for infectious diseases
- Stem keywords: Faine's criteria, World Health Organization, diagnose
- Lead-in keywords: diagnose
- Negative lead-in flag: false
Question ID
QcLOM5Qr2FzTyjKo6EMThC
Reference Book
E6 Parks TextBook of Preventive & Social Medicine part 1 — Subpart B (pp 202-403 of 604) p. 172-174
E6 Robert Boland, Marcia L. Verduin - Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Text of Psychiatry-Wolters Kluwer Health (2024) (pp 1-16525 of 16525) p. 2023-2025
E6 Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics(2024) — Volume 1 p. 1949-1951
Practise the full DSSSB 12 August 2024
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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