Which type of malware replicates itself to spread to other computers without requiring user interaction?

Appeared in: Bihar NHM CHO-2025

Explanation

A worm is a standalone piece of malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
Its defining feature is that it spreads automatically over a network by exploiting security vulnerabilities.
Unlike viruses, worms do not need to attach themselves to an existing program and do not require user interaction to propagate.

Option A: Spyware's main purpose is to secretly gather information from a user's computer, not to replicate itself and spread to other systems.
Option B: A virus replicates by attaching itself to a host program. It requires a user to run the infected program for it to spread.
Option D: A Trojan Horse is malware disguised as a legitimate program to trick users into installing it. It does not self-replicate.

Visual 1: Flowchart - A flowchart comparing the infection process of a Virus (attaches to file -> user runs file -> spreads), a Worm (finds vulnerability -> copies self over network -> infects new machine), and a Trojan (disguises as good software -> user installs -> payload activates).

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Types of Malware and their Propagation Methods as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses and healthcare staff have a critical responsibility to maintain cybersecurity to protect sensitive patient data stored in Electronic Health Records (EHR).
Understanding malware types is crucial because a worm attack could cripple a hospital's entire network, disrupting patient care, access to records, and operation of medical devices.
What if? - If a nurse received a suspicious email but it didn't have an attachment, it could still be dangerous. It might contain a link that, if clicked, could download a worm or trojan, bypassing the need for an attachment. This highlights the need for vigilance with all unsolicited communications.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key characteristics described in the question stem: 1) 'replicates itself' and 2) 'without requiring user interaction'.
Next, review the definition of each option.
Evaluate 'Spyware': Its primary function is spying, not replication.
Evaluate 'Virus': It replicates, but requires a host file and usually user action to spread. This contradicts the second key characteristic.
Evaluate 'Worm': It self-replicates and spreads automatically across networks. This matches both key characteristics.
Evaluate 'Trojan Horse': It relies on tricking the user and does not self-replicate. This contradicts both characteristics.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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Practise the full Bihar NHM CHO-2025

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.