MP CHO - 2022
Microbiology
Easy
Which type of immunity is sought when the entire population is vaccinated against coronavirus infection?
Appeared in: MP CHO - 2022
Explanation
- Herd immunity (or community immunity) is the indirect protection from an infectious disease that occurs when a large portion of a population is immune, either through vaccination or previous infection.
- The primary public health goal of mass vaccination programs, such as for coronavirus, is to achieve herd immunity.
- By establishing herd immunity, the chain of disease transmission is broken, which protects not only the immunized individuals but also vulnerable, unvaccinated members of the community.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: Active immunity describes the protection developed by a single person's immune system after vaccination. While it is the mechanism by which herd immunity is achieved in individuals, it is not the term for the overall population-level protection.
- Option B: Passive immunity involves receiving pre-made antibodies from another source, providing temporary protection. Vaccination stimulates the body to produce its own antibodies, which is active immunity.
- Option C: Cellular immunity, mediated by T-cells, is a specific component and mechanism of the active immune response. It is not a broad type of immunity sought for an entire population but rather a part of the individual's response.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: Knowing Types of Immunity (Individual vs. Population-level) helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
- Nurses are central to public health efforts to achieve herd immunity through vaccination, providing patient education, administering vaccines, and monitoring for adverse effects.
- The percentage of the population that needs to be immune to achieve herd immunity (the herd immunity threshold) varies by disease, depending on its transmissibility (R0). For highly contagious diseases like measles, the threshold is about 95%.
- What if? If a new, more transmissible variant of a virus emerges, the herd immunity threshold increases, meaning a higher percentage of the population must be vaccinated to control its spread.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the key phrase in the question: 'entire population is vaccinated'. This points towards a community-wide or public health concept.
- Next, evaluate the options in the context of individual versus population-level immunity.
- Recognize that 'Active immunity', 'Passive immunity', and 'Cellular immunity' are terms that describe immunological processes within an individual.
- Identify 'Herd immunity' as the specific term used in epidemiology and public health to describe protection at the population level.
- Conclude that the goal of vaccinating an 'entire population' is to create herd immunity to stop the spread of the disease.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Types of Immunity (Individual vs. Population-level)
- Stem keywords: entire population, vaccinated, coronavirus infection, immunity
- Lead-in keywords: Which type
- Negative lead-in flag: false
Question ID
QLE0RktqGAUBGSidGMnZRd
Reference Book
E6 Parks TextBook of Preventive & Social Medicine part 1 — Subpart A (pp 26-201 of 604) p. 95-97
Practise the full MP CHO - 2022
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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