Which one of this disease is transmitted through sexual contact?

ESIC Nursing Officer 2016 (shift-1)

Medical & Surgical Nursing

Easy

Appeared in: ESIC Nursing Officer 2016 (shift-1)

Explanation

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
HIV is primarily a sexually transmitted disease (STD), spreading through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
The virus is found in high concentrations in blood, semen, and cervicovaginal fluids, facilitating its transmission during sexual activity.
Other major routes of transmission include sharing contaminated needles (among intravenous drug users) and from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

Option A: Jaundice is not a disease but a symptom characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels. It is a sign of an underlying condition, such as liver disease or bile duct obstruction.
Option B: Tetanus is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, whose spores are found in soil and dust. Infection occurs when these spores enter the body through a deep cut or wound.
Option C: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is an airborne disease, spreading through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.

Visual 1: Infographic - A diagram illustrating the different modes of HIV transmission: sexual contact, sharing needles, and mother-to-child transmission. This helps clarify the primary routes.
Visual 2: Flowchart - A chart showing the progression from initial HIV infection to the development of AIDS, highlighting the 'window period' and asymptomatic carrier state.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Knowing Modes of disease transmission, specifically identifying sexually transmitted infections (STIs) helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
Nurses play a crucial role in patient education regarding safe sex practices, such as consistent condom use, to prevent the transmission of HIV and other STIs.
Screening and counseling are key nursing responsibilities. This includes taking a confidential sexual history and recommending testing for individuals at risk.
For individuals exposed to HIV, nurses are involved in administering Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP), which must be started within 72 hours of exposure.

How to Approach the Question

First, read the question carefully to identify the key requirement: a disease transmitted through 'sexual contact'.
Next, evaluate each option based on your knowledge of disease transmission.
Recall or deduce the primary mode of transmission for Jaundice. Recognize it's a symptom, not a disease, making it an unlikely answer.
Consider Tetanus. Recall that it's associated with wounds and soil, not person-to-person contact.
Think about Tuberculosis. Remember it's a classic example of an airborne disease.
Finally, analyze AIDS. Recall that HIV, the virus causing AIDS, is well-known to be transmitted sexually. This makes it the most plausible answer.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Modes of disease transmission, specifically identifying sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Stem keywords: disease, transmitted, sexual contact
Lead-in keywords: Which one
Negative lead-in flag: false

QXe1qNB7GNgf6lmI4UgP1P