Which of these vaccines are recommended at birth according to the National Immunization Schedule?

Appeared in: Daman & Diu Staff Nurse - 2018

Explanation

The National Immunization Schedule (NIS) of India recommends three vaccines to be administered at birth.
These are the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, the birth dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine, and the zero dose of the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV).
The Hepatitis B vaccine is critical and should be given as soon as possible after birth, preferably within 24 hours, to prevent perinatal transmission.
BCG protects against severe forms of tuberculosis, and the OPV zero dose provides initial gut immunity against poliovirus.

Option A: This option incorrectly includes DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus).
Option C: This option incorrectly includes DPT.
Option D: This option incorrectly includes DPT.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Knowledge of the National Immunization Schedule (NIS) for newborns as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Administering the correct vaccines at birth is a critical nursing responsibility to protect newborns from life-threatening diseases.
The birth dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine is a key public health strategy to interrupt the vertical transmission of Hepatitis B from mother to child, which is a major cause of chronic liver disease and cancer.
Nurses must be proficient in the different administration techniques: intradermal for BCG (which is unique), intramuscular for Hepatitis B, and oral for OPV.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question based on the National Immunization Schedule.
First, identify the key time frame specified in the question, which is 'at birth'.
Recall the specific vaccines administered at this time: BCG, OPV-0, and Hepatitis B-birth dose.
Scan the options to find the one that matches this combination.
Systematically eliminate any option that includes vaccines given at a later age, such as DPT, which starts at 6 weeks.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Knowledge of the National Immunization Schedule (NIS) for newborns.
Stem keywords: vaccines, recommended, at birth, National Immunization Schedule
Lead-in keywords: Which of these
Negative lead-in flag: false

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E6 Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics(2024) — Volume 1 p. 1613-1615

E6 Ghai Essential Pediatrics(pp 26-904 of 913) p. 806-808

E6 Parks TextBook of Preventive & Social Medicine part 1 — Subpart B (pp 202-403 of 604) p. 67-69

Practise the full Daman & Diu Staff Nurse - 2018

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.