Daman & Diu Staff Nurse - 2018
Nursing Research & Statistics
Easy
Which of these terms refers to the extent a tool measures what it is supposed to measure?
Appeared in: Daman & Diu Staff Nurse - 2018
Explanation
- Validity is defined as the extent to which a research instrument measures what it is intended to measure.
- This concept focuses on the accuracy and truthfulness of the measurement.
- For example, a clinical tool designed to assess the risk of falls is valid if it accurately identifies patients who are truly at a high risk of falling.
- A measurement cannot be valid unless it is also reliable (consistent).
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: Reliability refers to the consistency and repeatability of a measurement, not its accuracy. A tool can provide consistent (reliable) results that are consistently wrong (not valid).
- Option C: Specificity is a narrow statistical term used for diagnostic tests. It measures the test's ability to correctly identify people who do NOT have a condition (the true negative rate).
- Option D: Stability is a component or type of reliability, specifically test-retest reliability. It assesses how consistent a tool's measurements are over time.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Validity and Reliability in Research Measurement as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- In nursing practice, using valid assessment tools is crucial for accurate patient evaluation. For instance, a pain scale must truly measure a patient's pain level, not their anxiety, to guide appropriate pain management.
- Using a dementia screening tool with low validity could lead to misclassifying healthy individuals (false positives) or missing early signs of cognitive decline (false negatives), impacting patient outcomes.
- What if? - If a nurse uses a blood pressure cuff that is reliable (gives consistent readings) but not valid (is improperly calibrated and always reads 10 mmHg high), all patient readings will be consistently incorrect. This could lead to a misdiagnosis of hypertension and the prescription of unnecessary medication.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the core concept in the question stem. The key phrase is 'measures what it is supposed to measure'.
- Recognize that this phrase is the textbook definition of a tool's accuracy or truthfulness.
- Next, evaluate each option against this definition of accuracy.
- Eliminate 'Reliability' and 'Stability' as they relate to consistency and repeatability, not accuracy.
- Eliminate 'Specificity' as it is a more specialized term for diagnostic testing related to identifying true negatives.
- Conclude that 'Validity' is the only term that directly corresponds to the concept of a tool measuring what it purports to measure.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Validity and Reliability in Research Measurement
- Stem keywords: extent, tool, measures, supposed to measure
- Lead-in keywords: refers to
Question ID
QJWCJ7znxvI1K_qU_lxBiT
Reference Book
E6 NursingResearch Sukhpal Kaur p. 318-320
E6 Robert Boland, Marcia L. Verduin - Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Text of Psychiatry-Wolters Kluwer Health (2024) (pp 1-16525 of 16525) pp. 3392-3394, 3571-3573
Practise the full Daman & Diu Staff Nurse - 2018
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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