JODHPUR AIIMS SNO-2018
Medical & Surgical Nursing
Easy
Which of the following statements about acid base balance is Incorrect?
Appeared in: JODHPUR AIIMS SNO-2018
Explanation
- The statement that overuse of antacids causes metabolic acidosis is incorrect.
- Antacids are alkaline (basic) substances, such as sodium bicarbonate or calcium carbonate.
- Ingesting excessive amounts of antacids introduces excess base into the body.
- This leads to an increase in serum bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) levels and a rise in blood pH, resulting in metabolic alkalosis, not acidosis.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: This statement is correct. Hyperventilation is rapid, deep breathing that causes excessive exhalation of carbon dioxide (CO₂).
- Option C: This statement is correct. Hypoventilation is slow, shallow breathing that leads to the retention of CO₂.
- Option D: This statement is correct. Gastric juices contain hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Causes of Acid-Base Imbalances as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Nurses must be able to identify patients at risk for acid-base imbalances, such as those with respiratory diseases, kidney failure, or diabetes.
- Assessment includes monitoring vital signs (especially respiratory rate and depth), level of consciousness, and interpreting Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) results.
- Prompt identification and reporting of imbalances are critical for timely intervention and preventing complications like seizures, coma, or cardiac arrest.
How to Approach the Question
- First, carefully read the question and identify the negative keyword 'Incorrect'. This means you are looking for the false statement among the options.
- Evaluate each option based on your knowledge of acid-base physiology.
- For Option A: Recall that hyperventilation blows off CO₂ (an acid), leading to alkalosis. This statement is true.
- For Option B: Consider the nature of antacids. They are alkaline (bases). Adding excess base to the body would cause alkalosis, not acidosis. This statement is likely false.
- For Option C: Recall that hypoventilation retains CO₂ (an acid), leading to acidosis. This statement is true.
- For Option D: Remember that gastric juice is acidic. Losing acid from the body leads to a relative increase in base (alkalosis). This statement is true.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Causes of Acid-Base Imbalances
- Stem keywords: acid base balance, Hyperventilation, antacids, Hypoventilation, gastric juices
- Lead-in keywords: Incorrect
- Negative lead-in flag: The question asks for the INCORRECT statement.
Question ID
QB4oU9cB2aReDWLiw2MpIQ
Reference Book
E6 Nursing Fundamentals Taylor p. 780-782
E6 Physiology Guyton 4SAE Part 2B p. 76-78
Practise the full JODHPUR AIIMS SNO-2018
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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