Which of the following Risk Factors cause Non Communicable diseases?

MP CHO-2020

Community Health Nursing

Easy

Appeared in: MP CHO-2020

Explanation

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are caused by a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors.
The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies four major modifiable behavioral risk factors: tobacco use, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol, and unhealthy diets.
Each of the individual options—Physical inactivity, Harmful Alcohol consumption, and Tobacco use—is a well-established major risk factor for NCDs like heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.
Because all the listed options are correct, the most comprehensive and accurate answer is 'All of these'.

Option A: This option is incomplete. While physical inactivity is a major risk factor for NCDs, it is not the only one listed. The question asks for risk factors in general, and other options are also correct.
Option B: This is a partial answer. Harmful alcohol consumption is a significant risk factor, but so are physical inactivity and tobacco use, which are also presented as options.
Option C: This choice is also incomplete. Tobacco use is a leading cause of NCDs, but the other options are also valid risk factors, making this a partial answer.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Identification of major modifiable risk factors for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses play a crucial role in NCD prevention and management through patient screening, education, and counseling on lifestyle modifications.
Screening tools like the AUDIT-C for alcohol and the 5 A's (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) for tobacco cessation are essential in primary care settings.
Patient education should include recommending at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week and providing dietary advice, such as reducing salt and unhealthy fat intake.

How to Approach the Question

First, understand the question's core concept, which is identifying the causes or 'Risk Factors' for 'Non-Communicable diseases' (NCDs).
Next, evaluate each option (A, B, and C) to determine if it is a known risk factor for NCDs.
Recall or deduce that physical inactivity, harmful alcohol use, and tobacco use are all major contributors to chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.
When you encounter an 'All of these' or 'All of the above' option, and you have confirmed that more than one of the other options is correct, it is highly likely to be the right answer.
Select 'All of these' as it is the most comprehensive and accurate choice, encompassing all the valid risk factors listed.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Identification of major modifiable risk factors for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs).
Stem keywords: Risk Factors, Non Communicable diseases, NCDs
Lead-in keywords: Which

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