Which of the following methods of contraception provides protection against sexually transmitted disease?

Appeared in: IGIMS Staff Nurse - 2018

Explanation

Condoms are classified as a barrier method of contraception.
They provide a physical barrier that prevents direct contact with infectious sores and stops the exchange of bodily fluids (semen, vaginal fluid, blood) between partners.
This mechanism is effective in reducing the transmission of most sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis.
Both male and female condoms offer protection against STIs.

Option A: Oral contraceptives are a hormonal method. They work by preventing ovulation but do not create any physical barrier to block the transmission of infectious organisms during sexual contact.
Option B: Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are placed inside the uterus. They prevent pregnancy either by releasing copper (which is toxic to sperm) or hormones. They do not block the entry of bacteria or viruses into the reproductive tract.
Option D: Norplant is a brand name for a hormonal implant. Like oral contraceptives, it releases hormones to prevent ovulation. It is inserted under the skin and provides no barrier against STIs.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Knowing Contraceptive Methods and STI Protection helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
Patient education is a critical nursing role. Nurses must clearly explain that only barrier methods like condoms can reduce the risk of STIs. Assuming a patient on the pill is protected from STIs is a dangerous misconception.
Nurses should promote the 'dual method' strategy: using a highly effective contraceptive (like an IUD or implant) for pregnancy prevention PLUS a condom for STI prevention, especially for patients with multiple partners or new partners.
What if a patient reports an allergy to latex? The nurse should advise them about the availability and use of non-latex condoms (e.g., polyurethane or polyisoprene) which also provide protection against STIs.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key requirement of the question: protection against 'sexually transmitted disease'.
Next, review the options and classify each by its mechanism of action: hormonal, barrier, or mechanical.
Oral contraceptives, IUDs, and Norplant work hormonally or mechanically inside the woman's body to prevent pregnancy. They do not create a barrier to stop pathogens from entering.
The condom is the only option that acts as a physical barrier, blocking the exchange of fluids.
Therefore, the condom is the only method listed that fulfills the question's requirement for STI protection.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 4 p. 2

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