Which of the following is an example of colloidal solution?

RUHS, Jaipur, M.Sc Nursing Entrance Exam-2022

Pharmacology

Easy

Appeared in: RUHS, Jaipur, M.Sc Nursing Entrance Exam-2022

Explanation

Albumin is a natural protein produced by the liver and is a classic example of a colloid solution used in clinical practice.
Colloids are defined by their large molecules that cannot easily cross capillary walls, causing them to remain in the vascular space.
By staying in the blood vessels, albumin increases the colloid oncotic pressure, which pulls fluid from the surrounding tissues into the circulation, thereby expanding the plasma volume.

Option B: Ringer lactate is a crystalloid solution. It is isotonic and contains electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, which are small molecules that readily move into the interstitial space.
Option C: 9% Normal saline is an isotonic crystalloid solution containing sodium and chloride. Its small molecules distribute throughout the extracellular fluid, not just the plasma.
Option D: 5% Dextrose (D5W) is a crystalloid solution. Although initially isotonic, the dextrose is quickly metabolized by the body, leaving free water. This makes it effectively a hypotonic solution.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Intravenous Solutions: Colloids vs. Crystalloids as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses must understand the fundamental difference between colloids and crystalloids to administer the correct IV fluid based on the patient's specific condition, such as hypovolemia, shock, or third-spacing.
When administering colloids like albumin, the nurse must vigilantly monitor for signs of fluid volume overload (e.g., pulmonary edema, tachycardia, jugular vein distention) as they are potent plasma expanders.
Nurses should also be aware of the potential for hypersensitivity reactions with colloid products, although rare with human albumin.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question based on pharmacology classification. The key is to know the definitions of different IV fluid types.
First, define 'colloidal solution' in your mind: a solution containing large molecules (like proteins or starches) that stay within the blood vessels to pull fluid in.
Next, evaluate each option against this definition.
A) Albumin is a protein, which is a large molecule. This fits the definition of a colloid.
B), C), and D) Ringer lactate, Normal saline, and Dextrose all contain small molecules (electrolytes or sugar) that can easily leave the blood vessels. These are classified as crystalloids.
Based on this analysis, conclude that Albumin is the only colloid among the choices.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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