NCL (MP) Nursing Officer - 2020
Medical & Surgical Nursing
Easy
Which of the following is an example of a "Colloid" solution used in fluid resuscitation
Appeared in: NCL (MP) Nursing Officer - 2020
Explanation
- 25% Albumin is a colloid solution, meaning it contains large protein molecules (albumin).
- These large molecules cannot easily escape the blood vessels, so they exert a high colloid oncotic pressure.
- This pressure pulls fluid from the surrounding tissues into the bloodstream, rapidly expanding the plasma volume.
- It is classified as a hyperoncotic solution, making it very effective for treating severe volume depletion and low protein states (hypoproteinemia).
- Commonly used colloids include albumin, dextrans, and hetastarch.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: Ringer's Lactate is an isotonic crystalloid solution. It contains electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, and lactate in concentrations similar to plasma.
- Option B: 5% Dextrose (D5W) is a crystalloid solution. Although it is isotonic in the bag, the dextrose is quickly metabolized by the body, leaving free water. This makes it effectively a hypotonic solution.
- Option D: 45% Sodium Chloride (also known as half-normal saline) is a hypotonic crystalloid solution. It contains a lower concentration of salt than the body's fluids.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Classification and examples of intravenous fluids (Colloids vs. Crystalloids) as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Choosing the correct IV fluid is a critical nursing responsibility that directly impacts patient outcomes. Using a hypotonic solution in a patient with head injury can worsen cerebral edema, while using a colloid can rapidly restore blood pressure in shock.
- While colloids are potent volume expanders, they are more expensive than crystalloids and carry a risk of anaphylactic reactions. Nurses must monitor for signs of allergic reaction when administering colloids like albumin or dextran.
- Accurate fluid balance monitoring (Intake and Output) is crucial when administering any IV fluid, especially potent solutions like 25% Albumin, to prevent fluid overload and pulmonary edema.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the core of the question. The question asks for an example of a 'Colloid' solution.
- Recall the fundamental difference between the two main types of IV fluids: crystalloids and colloids.
- Crystalloids contain small particles (electrolytes, glucose) that pass easily through blood vessel walls (e.g., Normal Saline, Ringer's Lactate, D5W).
- Colloids contain large particles (proteins, starches) that stay within the blood vessels and pull fluid in (e.g., Albumin, Dextran).
- Evaluate each option against this definition.
- A) Ringer's Lactate: Crystalloid. B) 5% Dextrose: Crystalloid. C) 25% Albumin: Colloid (protein). D) 0.45% Sodium Chloride: Crystalloid.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Classification and examples of intravenous fluids (Colloids vs. Crystalloids).
- Stem keywords: Colloid solution, fluid resuscitation
- Lead-in keywords: example of
Question ID
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Reference Book
E6 Pharmacology Nursing Lilley 11e Part 2 p. 161-163
E6 Nursing Brunner Adult Health 3SA Vol 1 Part 1 p. 142-144
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