DHS 2018 shift 1st
Child Health Nursing (Pediatrics)
Hard
Which of the following groups of newborn reflexes below are present at birth and remain unchanged through adulthood?
Appeared in: DHS 2018 shift 1st
Explanation
- The correct option includes reflexes that are protective and essential for survival throughout life.
- Blinking protects the eyes from foreign objects and bright lights.
- Coughing and sneezing are crucial for clearing the airways of irritants and mucus.
- The gag reflex prevents choking by stopping foreign objects from entering the trachea.
- These four reflexes (blink, cough, sneeze, gag) are present from birth and do not disappear with age.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: This group includes the rooting reflex, which is a primitive reflex, not a permanent one.
- Option C: This group also contains the rooting reflex. Although swallowing, sneezing, and coughing are permanent, the presence of the temporary rooting reflex makes the entire group incorrect.
- Option D: This group includes the stepping (or walking) reflex, which is a primitive reflex that disappears within the first month of life.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Newborn Reflexes: Differentiating between Primitive and Protective Reflexes as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Assessing newborn reflexes is a fundamental part of the neonatal neurological examination. It helps the nurse and physician evaluate the maturity and integrity of the central nervous system.
- The absence of a protective reflex or the persistence of a primitive reflex beyond its expected age of disappearance can be an early sign of neurological damage or developmental delay, warranting further investigation.
- What if? If a 9-month-old infant still exhibits a strong rooting reflex, this is an abnormal finding. The nurse should document this and report it to the healthcare provider, as it could indicate a neurological problem such as cerebral palsy.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the core requirement of the question: it asks for a group of reflexes that are permanent, lasting from birth into adulthood.
- Mentally categorize newborn reflexes into two types: 'primitive' (those that disappear in infancy) and 'protective' (those that are lifelong).
- Scan each option to identify any primitive reflexes. Common examples are rooting, sucking, Moro, stepping, and grasping.
- Eliminate any option that contains a primitive reflex. Option A and C contain 'rooting,' and Option D contains 'stepping.'
- The remaining option, B, contains only protective reflexes (blink, cough, sneeze, gag), which are known to be permanent. This confirms it as the correct answer.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Newborn Reflexes: Differentiating between Primitive and Protective Reflexes
- Stem keywords: newborn reflexes, present at birth, remain unchanged, adulthood
- Lead-in keywords: Which of the following
- Negative lead-in flag: false
Question ID
Q4leC9L3n-vEmrd-qMMcge
Reference Book
E6 Text Book Of Pediatric Nursing 3rd Panchali Pal — Part 1 (pp 36-238 of 713) p. 155-157
E6 Kaplan Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry-2022 (pp 1-3768 of 3768) p. 2790-2792
Practise the full DHS 2018 shift 1st
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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