Which instrument is used to examine the rectum?

Appeared in: RRB Nsg. Superintendent-20 July 2019 (Shift-3rd)

Explanation

A proctoscope is the specific instrument designed for the visual inspection of the rectum.
It is a type of endoscope used to diagnose conditions such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, polyps, and rectal tumors.
The name itself, with 'procto-' referring to the rectum, indicates its designated function.

Option A: An otoscope is used to examine the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane (eardrum).
Option B: An ophthalmoscope is used to visualize the internal structures of the eye, including the retina and optic nerve.
Option C: Endoscope is a general term for any instrument used to look inside the body. While a proctoscope is a type of endoscope, 'Proctoscope' is the most specific and therefore the best answer.

Visual 1: Diagram - A side-by-side comparison showing a proctoscope, otoscope, and ophthalmoscope, with labels pointing to their key features and indicating the body part they are used to examine. This helps differentiate their forms and functions.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Identification and use of common medical diagnostic instruments as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
A nurse's role during a proctoscopy includes preparing the patient, which may involve administering a cleansing enema as prescribed.
The nurse is responsible for positioning the patient correctly, typically in the left lateral (Sims') or knee-chest position, to facilitate the examination.
Post-procedure, the nurse monitors the patient for complications such as rectal bleeding, pain, or signs of perforation (e.g., fever, abdominal distention).

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question that tests your knowledge of medical terminology and instrumentation.
First, identify the key term in the question stem: 'rectum'.
Next, analyze the options by breaking down their names. 'Oto-' relates to the ear, 'ophthalmo-' relates to the eye, and 'procto-' relates to the rectum.
Recognize that 'endoscope' is a general term, and a more specific option is usually the correct answer in such questions.
Select the instrument that specifically matches the body part mentioned, which is the proctoscope for the rectum.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Identification and use of common medical diagnostic instruments.
Stem keywords: instrument, examine, rectum
Lead-in keywords: Which
Negative lead-in flag: false

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Practise the full RRB Nsg. Superintendent-20 July 2019 (Shift-3rd)

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