RUHS, Jaipur, PB B.Sc Nursing Entrance-2019
Applied Physiology
Easy
Which function of the heart pumps blood out of the heart?
Appeared in: RUHS, Jaipur, PB B.Sc Nursing Entrance-2019
Explanation
- Ventricular systole is the phase when the two lower chambers of the heart, the ventricles, contract.
- This contraction sharply increases the pressure inside the ventricles, causing it to exceed the pressure in the aorta and pulmonary artery.
- This high pressure forces the aortic and pulmonary (semilunar) valves to open, ejecting blood out of the heart.
- The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta to supply the entire body, while the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery to go to the lungs.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: Atrial systole involves the contraction of the atria (upper chambers), which pushes blood into the ventricles. It does not pump blood out of the heart.
- Option C: Atrial diastole is the relaxation phase of the atria. During this time, the atria fill with blood returning from the body and lungs. No pumping occurs.
- Option D: Ventricular diastole is the relaxation phase of the ventricles. During this period, the ventricles fill with blood from the atria in preparation for the next contraction. It is a filling phase, not a pumping phase.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: Knowing Cardiac Cycle and Blood Flow helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
- Understanding the cardiac cycle is crucial for interpreting ECGs, auscultating heart sounds (S1 is AV valve closure at the start of systole, S2 is semilunar valve closure at the end of systole), and managing cardiovascular conditions.
- A key measure of ventricular systole is the Ejection Fraction (EF), the percentage of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each beat. A low EF is a primary indicator of heart failure.
- What if? If a patient has chronic hypertension, the left ventricle must pump against high pressure in the aorta during systole. This increased workload causes the ventricular muscle to thicken (hypertrophy), which can eventually weaken the heart and lead to systolic heart failure.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the keywords in the question: 'pumps blood out of the heart'.
- Next, break down the terms in the options. 'Systole' refers to contraction/pumping, while 'Diastole' refers to relaxation/filling.
- Eliminate the 'diastole' options (C and D) immediately, as they are filling phases, not pumping phases.
- Differentiate between the remaining options: 'Atrial' refers to the upper chambers and 'Ventricular' to the lower chambers.
- Recall that the ventricles are the main, powerful pumping chambers that send blood to the lungs and body. The atria primarily move blood into the ventricles.
- Therefore, the contraction of the ventricles (Ventricular Systole) is the action that pumps blood out of the heart.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Cardiac Cycle and Blood Flow
- Stem keywords: function of the heart, pumps blood out
- Lead-in keywords: Which
Question ID
QnMaUsY9mrlq6AiuYgu9fA
Reference Book
E6 Physiology Ganong 27e Vol 2 Part 1 pp. 86-88, 87-89
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