What is the first thing to do in case of a bleeding wound of the leg due to an accident?

Appeared in: UPPSC-2021

Explanation

The primary and most effective first-aid step for controlling external bleeding is to apply firm, direct pressure over the wound.
This action mechanically compresses the bleeding blood vessels, which slows blood loss and promotes the formation of a clot.
According to first aid principles, direct pressure should be the initial response before considering other measures like elevation or pressure points.
A clean or sterile dressing should be used to apply pressure, which also helps to prevent infection.

Option A: Applying pressure to pressure points is a secondary measure, not the first action. It is used only if direct pressure is ineffective in controlling severe, life-threatening bleeding.
Option B: Elevation is an adjunctive measure, performed after direct pressure has been applied. It should not be the first action and is contraindicated if a fracture is suspected.
Option D: The primary goal is to stop the bleeding (hemostasis), not simply to absorb the blood. A dressing that only absorbs blood without applying pressure will not control the hemorrhage.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Knowing First Aid for Hemorrhage Control helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable death in trauma. A nurse's ability to act quickly and correctly by applying direct pressure can be life-saving.
In any setting (hospital, community, or home), the principle of 'direct pressure first' is the cornerstone of bleeding control.
What if? If the bleeding is arterial (spurting, bright red blood) and does not stop with direct pressure, the next step would be to apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound, if trained to do so, and immediately call for emergency medical services. The time of tourniquet application must be noted.

How to Approach the Question

Identify the core of the question: It asks for the 'first thing to do', which indicates a priority-setting question.
Analyze the scenario: The patient has a bleeding wound from an accident.
Recall the principles of first aid for bleeding. The acronym 'PEEP' (Pressure, Elevate, Examine, Pressure points) can be helpful, but remember the order of priority.
Evaluate each option based on the priority hierarchy. Direct pressure is always the first and most critical step to control hemorrhage.
Eliminate options that are secondary actions (elevation, pressure points) or address a different goal (absorbing blood vs. stopping it).
Select the option that represents the most immediate and effective life-saving intervention.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 6 p. 89-91

Practise the full UPPSC-2021

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.