GMCH Chandigarh - 2019
Medical Surgical Nursing
Easy
There are a number of risk factors associated with coronary artery disease. Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor?
Appeared in: GMCH Chandigarh - 2019
Explanation
- The core concept is the difference between risk factors that can be changed (modifiable) and those that cannot (non-modifiable).
- Obesity is considered a modifiable risk factor because an individual can take steps to reduce their weight through diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes.
- Managing obesity directly impacts other modifiable risk factors like hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes, making it a critical target for CAD prevention.
- Lifestyle risk factors, including obesity, atherogenic diet, and physical inactivity, are preventable causes of atherosclerosis.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option B: Heredity, or family history, refers to the genetic predisposition to a disease. It is a constitutional, non-modifiable risk factor that cannot be changed.
- Option C: Gender is a biological factor that cannot be changed. Premenopausal women are generally at a lower risk than men of the same age, but this advantage diminishes after menopause. It is a non-modifiable risk factor.
- Option D: Age is a primary non-modifiable risk factor. The risk of developing atherosclerosis and CAD increases significantly as a person gets older.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: Knowing Modifiable vs. Non-modifiable Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
- A nurse's primary role in primary prevention of CAD is to educate patients about their modifiable risk factors and empower them to make sustainable lifestyle changes.
- Patient counseling should include setting realistic goals for weight loss (e.g., 5-10% of body weight), creating an exercise plan (e.g., 150 minutes/week of moderate activity), and providing dietary guidance (e.g., DASH or Mediterranean diet).
- Nurses must assess a patient's readiness to change and use motivational interviewing techniques to support them in their health journey.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the key term in the question: 'modifiable risk factor'. Understand its definition as something that can be changed or controlled.
- Next, evaluate each option against this definition.
- Consider 'Obesity'. Can a person's weight be changed? Yes, through diet and exercise. This fits the definition.
- Consider 'Heredity'. Can a person's genetic makeup or family history be changed? No. This is non-modifiable.
- Consider 'Gender'. Can a person's biological sex be changed in the context of disease risk? No. This is non-modifiable.
- Consider 'Age'. Can the process of aging be stopped or reversed? No. This is non-modifiable.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Modifiable vs. Non-modifiable Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Stem keywords: coronary artery disease, risk factors, modifiable
- Lead-in keywords: Which of the following
Question ID
Q8V6mvPksq3ksDrBu0QANC
Reference Book
E6 PATHOLOGY QUICK REVIEWBased on Harsh Mohan Textbook of PATHOLOGY p. 185-187
E6 Pathology- ROBBINS & COTRAN PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE 10TH Ed pp. 498-500, 499-501
Practise the full GMCH Chandigarh - 2019
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
More Cardiovascular System Questions
- Which of the following changes are seen in ECG reading, in patients with hyperkalemia?
- The nurse is attending a client who was diagnosed with heart failure. During the examination, the nurse observes that the client is dyspneic with cra…
- What is pulse deficit?
- Difference between apical pulse and radial pulse is called?
- Identify the following ECG finding in the depicted image?
- A 40 year old patient is admitted with crushing chest pain and an Electrocardiogram (ECG) showing Acute Myocardial Infarction. He is pale, has Blood…
- "Clubbing of the Nails" finding is found in which of the following disease conditions?
- Which nursing intervention should the nurse implement after right femoral artery catheterization?
- Which of the following tests need to be performed before radial artery cannulation to evaluate radial and ulnar arterial patency?
- Which among the following is the most common cause of acute infective endocarditis?
More GMCH Chandigarh - 2019 Questions
- Arrange the following events in the order of their occurrence in panic circle? I. Apprehension or worry II. Body sensations III. Perceived threat IV.…
- While receiving blood transfusion the patient develops chills and headache. What should be the nurse's initial action?
- Choose the most therapeutic response to Mr. Shyam's question: "Am I going to die?"
- Which of the following would be a common indication of infiltration of a peripheral intravenous infusion?
- Ms. Babita is in the emergency room after being involved in a traffic accident. What would be an early sign of hemorrhagic shock?
- Ms. Anita asks the nurse when she can start eating after surgery. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?
- When caring for an infant during cardiac arrest, which pulse must be palpated to determine cardiac function?
- The evidence to assert, whether or not, experimental treatment/condition has made the difference refers to?
- Which nursing theorist believes that most patients are capable of performing self care?
- What is the term used for normal respiratory rhythm and depth in a client?