The stone formed in the kidney and renal pelvis is known as?

NHM UP Staff Nurse - 2017

Medical Surgical Nursing

Easy

Appeared in: NHM UP Staff Nurse - 2017

Explanation

"Renal calculi" is the correct medical term for stones formed within the kidney. The word 'renal' pertains to the kidney, and 'calculi' is the plural form of 'calculus,' which means stone.
The condition of having kidney stones is medically termed nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis.
These stones form when urine becomes supersaturated with minerals and salts like calcium, oxalate, and uric acid, which then crystallize and aggregate.
The renal pelvis and calyces are common sites for the formation of these stones.

Option B: This is not a standard medical term. It is likely intended to be confused with "major calyces," which are part of the kidney's urine-collecting system, not the stones themselves.
Option C: This term is incorrect and combines two unrelated concepts. "Minor calyces" are anatomical parts of the kidney, while a "callus" is the bony tissue that forms during the healing of a bone fracture.
Option D: This is incorrect because Option A, "Renal calculi," is the precise and correct medical term for stones in the kidney.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Medical terminology for kidney stones as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
A key nursing responsibility is to strain all urine of patients with suspected kidney stones to collect any passed stones for laboratory analysis, which helps determine the stone type and guide treatment and prevention.
Patient education is crucial. Nurses should teach patients about dietary modifications (e.g., reducing oxalate or purine intake) and the importance of high fluid intake (2-3 liters/day) to prevent stone recurrence.
What if? If a patient with a known renal calculus develops a fever, chills, and severe flank pain, the nurse must suspect a complicated urinary tract infection or pyonephrosis (pus in the collecting system) and escalate care immediately, as this is a medical emergency.

How to Approach the Question

First, analyze the question's keywords: 'stone,' 'kidney,' and 'renal pelvis.' This points to a pathological condition within the kidney.
Next, evaluate the options based on medical terminology. Break down 'Renal calculi': 'Renal' refers to the kidney, and 'calculi' is the plural of 'calculus,' meaning stone.
Consider the distractors. 'Major' and 'Minor' are terms associated with 'calyces,' which are anatomical parts of the kidney, not stones. 'Callus' relates to bone healing, which is irrelevant to the kidney.
By combining the meanings of the root words and eliminating the distractors based on anatomical and pathological knowledge, 'Renal calculi' emerges as the only logical and correct answer.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Q8F1Y8gvZDd-XDJHos6hGg

E6 Pathology-Vandana Puri & Kavita Gaur Textbook of Pathology and Genetics p. 313-315

E6 Pathology- ROBBINS & COTRAN PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE 10TH Ed p. 947-949

E6 Anatomy BDChaurasia V2 10e Part 2 p. 103-105