INI-CET EXAM -2025
Applied Physiology
Medium
The image below is example of which of the transport system?
Appeared in: INI-CET EXAM -2025
Explanation
- The image shows a substance moving from a low concentration area to a high concentration area, which is against the concentration gradient.
- This movement requires energy, which is explicitly shown to be provided by the hydrolysis of ATP.
- This process is defined as primary active transport.
- P-glycoprotein is a classic example of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, which performs primary active transport to pump substrates (like drugs) out of cells.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: Sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLT) are examples of secondary active transport (symport), which use the electrochemical gradient of sodium ions as an energy source, not direct ATP hydrolysis.
- Option B: Organic anion transporters (OATs) are a large family of transporters, but they are primarily involved in facilitated diffusion or tertiary active transport (anion exchange), not primary active transport directly fueled by ATP.
- Option C: GLUT 4 is a glucose transporter that mediates facilitated diffusion. This is a passive process that moves glucose down its concentration gradient and does not require ATP.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain The user is being tested on their ability to identify different types of membrane transport systems based on a diagrammatic representation as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is highly significant in clinical practice due to its role in multidrug resistance (MDR). By pumping chemotherapeutic drugs out of cancer cells, it can render treatments ineffective.
- P-gp also affects the pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) of many common drugs, leading to important drug-drug interactions.
- What if? If the image showed two substances moving together in the same direction powered by an ion gradient instead of ATP, the correct answer would be a symporter, such as the Sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT).
How to Approach the Question
- First, carefully analyze the provided image. Identify the key components: the cell membrane, the transporter protein, the substance being moved (blue circles), and the energy source (ATP).
- Observe the direction of movement of the substance. Notice that it moves from an area of low concentration (fewer circles) to an area of high concentration (many circles). This is movement against a concentration gradient.
- Identify the energy source for this transport. The diagram clearly labels 'ATP', indicating that energy is directly derived from ATP hydrolysis.
- Combine these observations: movement against a gradient using direct ATP energy is the definition of primary active transport.
- Evaluate each option based on this conclusion. Recall or deduce the mechanism for each transporter type.
- Eliminate options that do not fit the primary active transport model: SGLT (secondary active), GLUT 4 (facilitated diffusion), and OAT (not primary active).
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: The user is being tested on their ability to identify different types of membrane transport systems based on a diagrammatic representation.
- Stem keywords: transport system, image
- Lead-in keywords: example of which
Question ID
QJd0wK19G1QFvgsM_VD4TV
Reference Book
E6 Physiology Guyton 4SAE Part 1 p. 80-82
E6 Physiology Guyton 4SAE Part 2B p. 33-35
E6 Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry2023 (pp 26-793 of 813) p. 460-462
Practise the full INI-CET EXAM -2025
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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